清前期东北民人的“出民入旗”  

Status Conversion from Minren to Bannermen in the Early Qing Dynasty in Northeast China

作　　者：刘小萌[1] Liu Xiaomeng

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院近代史研究所,北京市100101

出　　处：《民族研究》2024年第4期95-110,M0005,M0006,共18页Ethno-National Studies

摘　　要：清朝统治的基本特征是旗民分治,旗人民人虽分别隶属,但并非彼此隔绝。清前期东北移民脱离民籍、编入旗籍(即所谓“出民入旗”),是旗民交流的一段重要历史。本文在充分挖掘家谱、典志、档案基础上,对这段历史进行深度研究。首先,考察民人入旗的途径,包括编入汉军、投充官庄王庄、安置衙衡署、调拔边台驿站。其次,从多角度阐述民人入旗的影响,即巩固疆舆、发展农业、传播文化、陶融诸族。最后,指出清前期东北民人入旗,是八旗制度在清朝统治中不断调整以适应形势需要的典型体现,对东北地区的社会发展与民族关系演变产生了重要影响。The fundamental ruling feature of the early Qing Dynasty was the separation between Bannermen旗人in the Eight Banner System and Minren民人(ordinary civilians),who thus belonged to different administrative frameworks,but were not isolated from each other.In Northeast China,the immigrants'status conversion from Minren to bannermen in the early Qing Dynasty was an important historical period of interactions between Bannermen and Minren.Based on an in-depth exploration of genealogies,historical records,and archives,this paper examines this historical process.Firstly,this article investigates the ways by which Minren entered the Banner system,including enrollment into the Hanjun Banner汉军旗,service in government and royal manors,employment in local government offices,and transfer to frontier posts.Secondly,it discusses the multifaceted impacts of Minren entered the Eight Banner system,such as the consolidation of the frontier,agricultural development,cultural dissemination,and ethnic integration.At last,it emphasizes that during the early Qing Dynasty,the status conversion from Minren to Bannermen in Northeast China was an important manifestation of the Eight Banner System's continuous adaptation to meet the needs of Qing governance,and had profoundly influenced the social development and the evolution of multi-ethnic relations in the region.

关 键 词：清代 东北移民 八旗制度 出民入旗 旗民关系 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学] D691[历史地理—中国史]