语境的扬弃:历史唯物主义的历史科学本质  

The Sublation of Context:The Nature of Being a Historical Science of Historical Materialism

作　　者：包大为 Bao Dawei(School of Marxism,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学马克思主义学院 [2]浙江大学未来哲学研究院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《教学与研究》2024年第9期43-53,共11页Teaching and Research

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助重点项目“古今之辨的启蒙政治哲学方法论”(项目号:22FZXA005)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：历史唯物主义是对资本主义文明形态的历史语境的扬弃。历史唯物主义立足于对资本主义生产关系出现以来的历史经验的总结和分析,却并不囿于这些经验所印证的合理性与合法性。历史唯物主义又是对近代各种历史科学的思想史语境的批判和发展。历史唯物主义关注了近代以来一切上层建筑尤其是意识形态的流变及其内在动力,却从未试图在伦理层面对其进行肯定或否定,无意于通过更新伦理和价值来纠正资本主义社会“礼崩乐坏”的抽象的历史性危机,更无意于回溯至原始共产主义般的初民道德的想象。作为历史科学的历史唯物主义从自然的历史过程中提炼出客观性与普遍性,进而以作为历史实验的革命实践呈现出无产阶级解放自身与生产力的必然性。Historical materialism is a sublation of the historical context of capitalist civilization.Historical materialism is based on the summary and analysis of historical experience since the emergence of capitalist production relations;however,it is not limited to the rationality and legitimacy demonstrated by the experience.Historical materialism is also a critique and development of the ideological and historical context of various modern historical sciences.Historical materialism pays attention to the evolution of all superstructures since modern times,especially the changes in ideologies and their internal dynamics,but never attempts to affirm or deny it at the ethical level.Historical materialism never tries to overcome the abstract historical crisis of“rites collapse,music spoilt”in capitalist society through new ethic paradigms,and has no intention of returning to the primitive morality like primitive communism.As a historical science,historical materialism extracts objectivity and universality from the natural historical process,and then presents the inevitability of the proletariat\s liberation of itself and its productivity through revolutionary practice as a historical experiment.

关 键 词：历史科学 历史唯物主义 辩证法 唯物主义 思想史 

分 类 号：B03[哲学宗教—哲学理论]