一种应用于无人机的小型超声波风速风向仪设计  

Design of Miniature Ultrasonic Anemometer of Wind Speed and Direction Measurement for UAV

作　　者：郑健 卢会国[1,2,3] 范文娴 ZHENG Jian;LU Huiguo;FANG Wenxian(College of Electronic Engineering,Chengdu University of Information Engineering,Chengdu 610225,China;Key Open Laboratory of Atmospheric Exploration,China Meteorological Administration,Chengdu 610225,China;Chengdu Plain Urban Meteorology and Environ-ment Sichuan Field Scientific Observation and Research Station,Chengdu 610225,China)

机构地区：[1]成都信息工程大学电子工程学院,四川成都610225 [2]中国气象局大气探测重点开发实验室,四川成都610225 [3]成都平原城市气象与环境四川省野外科学观测研究站,四川成都610225

出　　处：《成都信息工程大学学报》2024年第5期519-526,共8页Journal of Chengdu University of Information Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(42075129);四川省科技计划(气象联合减灾专题)资助项目(2022YFS0541)。

摘　　要：利用无人机搭载风速风向仪能很好地探测近地面风场结构,进行污染物溯源及污染物扩散速度和方向的预测,但受限于无人机尺寸,搭载的风速风向仪尺寸较小且有较高的测量精度。根据声共振原理设计了一款小尺寸的超声波风速风向仪,相比传统的超声波风速风向仪,设计采用非对发对收式结构,并使用国产FPGA进行相位检测,整机尺寸小巧,重量仅120 g,整机功耗低于0.5 W,风速风向测量精度接近于同类型超声波风速风向仪。并与TP-M12D超声波风速风向仪进行风洞实测对比,实测最大风速35 m/s,低风速时风速测量误差±0.5 m/s,较高风速时风速测量误差±5%以内,固定方位角下风速段内风速波动下风向测量误差±4°以内,不同方位角下风速测量最大误差在10%以内,可很好地应用于无人机测风中。The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)equipped with anemometers allows for effective detection of near-surface wind field structures,enabling source tracing of pollutants and prediction of pollutant dispersion speed and direction.However,the size limitations of UAVs require compact and highly accurate anemometer devices.In this paper,a small-sized ultrasonic anemometer is designed based on the principle of acoustic resonance.Compared to traditional ultrasonic anemometers,the entire design adopts a non-bidirectional transmission and reception structure and utilizes a domestically-produced Field-Programmable Gate Array(FPGA)for phase detection.The overall device has a compact size,with wind speed and direction measurement accuracy comparable to similar types of ultrasonic anemometers.It weighs only 120 g and consumes less than 0.5 W of power.Wind tunnel tests were conducted comparing it with the TPM12D ultrasonic anemometer.The maximum measured wind speed was 35 m/s,with wind speed measurement errors within±0.5 m/s at low wind speeds and within±5%at higher wind speeds.Under fixed azimuth angles,wind direction measurement errors within±4°were observed for wind speed fluctuations within the designated range,and the maximum wind speed measurement error under different azimuth angles was within 10%.These results demonstrate its suitability for wind measurements in UAV applications.

关 键 词：无人机测风 超声波风速风向仪 FPGA 相位检测 

分 类 号：P414[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]