规制商标恶意维权的反赔制度研究——兼评《商标法修订草案(征求意见稿)》第84条  

Research on the Counter-compensation System for Regulating Malicious Trademark Rights Protection:Comments on Article 84 of The Revised Draft of the Trademark Law(Exposure Draft)

作　　者：曹新明[1] 任运红 CAO Xinming;REN Yunhong(Intellectual Property Research Center,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan 430073,China)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学知识产权研究中心,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《华北水利水电大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第6期40-52,共13页Journal of North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地项目(22JJD820028)。

摘　　要：商标恶意维权是一种特殊的民事侵权行为,反赔是规制该行为的有效路径之一。《商标法》第五次修订草案新增恶意诉讼反赔条款,但其规定过于简单。反赔请求的前提应由商标恶意诉讼扩张至商标恶意维权。“恶意”的认定应以明显违反诚实信用原则为基础,强调同时具备认识因素和目的因素,并结合具体个案中的客观事实综合判断。反赔请求的实现方式包括反诉、另行起诉和在确认不侵权之诉中提出三种路径。反赔责任范围中的商誉损害可通过无形资产评估的方式确定,合理开支应包含制止商标恶意维权所支出的必要律师费。需提高举证妨碍制度的适用率以化解反赔请求人举证难、判赔低的问题,减少法定赔偿标准的适用率并肯定惩罚性赔偿制度在打击商标恶意维权行为中的积极意义。Malicious trademark rights protection is a special type of civil infringement and counter-compensation is one of the effective ways to regulate this behavior.The fifth amendment of the Trademark Law adds the counter-compensation clause of malicious lawsuits,but the contents of this clause are too simple.The prerequisite of the request for counter-compensation should be expanded from malicious trademark litigation to malicious trademark rights protection.The judgment of malice should be based on clearly violating the principle of good faith,emphasizing both cognitive and purposive factors,and combining objective facts in specific cases to make a comprehensive judgment.The realization forms of the request of counter-compensation include counterclaim,separate prosecution and in a claim of non-infringement.The goodwill damage can be determined through the evaluation of intangible assets,and reasonable expenses should include necessary legal fees incurred to prevent malicious trademark protection.It is necessary to increase the application rate of the evidence obstruction system to address the difficulties in proving counter-compensation and the issue of low compensation awards,reduce the application rate of statutory compensation standards,and affirm the positive significance of the punitive compensation system in combating malicious trademark enforcement.

关 键 词：商标 恶意维权 恶意诉讼 反赔 民事侵权 

分 类 号：D923.43[政治法律—民商法学]