结核病疫苗研究进展与突破  

Research advances and breakthroughs in tuberculosis vaccine

作　　者：李军丽 郭晓楠 梁艳 何朴 李效池 赵爱华[1] 都伟欣[1] 吴雪琼 祝秉东[4] 徐苗[1] Li Junli;Guo Xiaonan;Liang Yan;He Pu;Li Xiaochi;Zhao Aihua;Du Weixin;Wu Xueqiong;Zhu Bingdong;Xu Miao(Division of Tuberculosis Vaccine and Allergen Products,National Institutes for Food and Drug Control,Beijing 102629,China;National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102206,China;Institute for Tuberculosis Research,the 8th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100091,China;Tuberculosis Research Center,Institute of Pathogen Biology,School of Basic Medical Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国食品药品检定研究院结核病疫苗和过敏原产品室,北京102629 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所,北京102206 [3]中国人民解放军总医院第八医学中心结核病医学部研究所,北京100091 [4]兰州大学基础医学院病原生物学研究所结核病研究中心,兰州730000

出　　处：《中国防痨杂志》2024年第10期1171-1184,共14页Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFC230170302)。

摘　　要：结核病是由结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis,MTB)感染引起的严重危害人类健康的慢性传染性疾病,其中以肺结核最为多见。卡介苗(bacillus Calmette-Guérin,BCG)系目前唯一可用的预防结核病的疫苗,在全球范围内被广泛接种,其对预防婴幼儿结核病发挥重要作用,但由于远期保护力不足,且对结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染(latent tuberculosis infection,LTBI)人群不能发挥预防作用,对预防全社会MTB传播效果有限。因此,全球科学家运用多种技术手段,积极研究不同技术路径的结核病新疫苗。作者从经典疫苗BCG出发,系统梳理了目前国内外结核病新疫苗的最新研究进展,并从抗原筛选研究、创新疫苗技术平台及精准免疫思路等方面阐述了结核病疫苗研究的新突破,以期为后续开展结核病相关疫苗研究提供有价值的参考。Tuberculosis(TB)is an enduring infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB),presenting a significant threat to human health.Its primary mode of transmission is through respiratory pathways,with pulmonary tuberculosis being predominant.Currently,bacillus Calmette-Guérin(BCG)remains the only widely used prophylactic TB vaccination globally;playing a crucial role in protecting infants and young children from TB onset.Nevertheless,due to its limited long-term protection and incapacity to prevent latent tuberculosis infection(LTBI),its impact on curtailing MTB spread within society at large is constrained.Researchers worldwide are actively exploring diverse technological avenues for novel TB vaccinations that extend beyond the conventional BCG framework.This review comprehensively examines recent progress in domestic and international research on novel approaches for combating TB through vaccination while outlining groundbreaking developments involving antigen screening methods,innovative vaccine platforms,and precision-focused immunization strategies—providing valuable insights for future efforts related to anti-tuberculosis vaccinations.

关 键 词：分枝杆菌 结核 疫苗 研究 

分 类 号：R378.91[医药卫生—病原生物学]