2008-2022年福建省0~14岁儿童肺结核流行病学特征分析  

Analysis on the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis among children aged 0-14 in Fujian Province from 2008 to 2022

作　　者：杜永成[1] 林淑芳[1] 戴志松[1] 林建[1] Du Yongcheng;Lin Shufang;Dai Zhisong;Lin Jian(Department of Tuberculosis and Leprosy Prevention and Control,Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Fuzhou 350012,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省疾病预防控制中心结核病麻风病防治所,福州350012

出　　处：《中国防痨杂志》2024年第10期1219-1226,共8页Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis

基　　金：福建省卫健委科技计划项目(2022CXA036)。

摘　　要：目的:分析福建省2008—2022年0~14岁儿童肺结核报告发病情况及流行特征,为制定儿童结核病防控策略提供依据。方法:从“全民健康保障信息化工程疾病预防控制信息系统”的子系统“监测报告管理系统”和“基本信息系统”收集2008—2022年福建省0~14岁儿童肺结核报告发病数据和人口数据,采用回顾性描述和Joinpoint回归模型分析疾病的三间分布、病原学检查等情况。结果:2008—2022年福建省共报告0~14岁儿童肺结核患者1430例,占全人群肺结核患者比例年均为0.46%(1430/307833),15年间儿童肺结核年均报告发病率为1.44/10万(1430/99435600),总体趋于稳定[全局平均年度变化百分比(AAPC)=-5.69%,t=-1.618,P=0.106]。10~14岁儿童肺结核年均报告发病率为3.20/10万(929/29051400),高于0~4岁和5~9岁儿童(χ^(2)=887.195,P<0.001);0~4岁儿童肺结核报告发病率总体呈明显下降趋势(AAPC=-8.55%,t=-2.438,P=0.015),5~9岁和10~14岁儿童呈阶段性变化,分别在2010—2022年[分段年度变化百分比(APC)=3.28%,t=2.416,P=0.036]和2010—2019年(APC=7.57%,t=2.787,P=0.027)出现明显上升趋势。每年儿童肺结核报告发病无周期性变化。儿童肺结核患者中病原学阳性患者年均占35.24%(504/1430),每年病原学阳性所占比例呈上升趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=55.195,P<0.001)。儿童年均报告发病率最高和最低的地区分别为宁德市和龙岩市,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=169.688,P<0.001);除莆田市(AAPC=-6.77%,t=-2.957,P=0.011)和南平市(AAPC=-5.67%,t=-2.195,P=0.047)的儿童报告发病率呈明显下降趋势外,其余地市变化趋势稳定。结论:2008—2022年福建省儿童肺结核报告发病率处于较低水平,整体趋势较为稳定,5~9岁和10~14岁儿童出现波段上升,宁德市发病率较高且下降趋势不明显,需重点关注。Objective:To analyze the incidence and epidemic characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB)among children aged 0-14 from 2008 to 2022 in Fujian Province,and to provide evidence for the prevention and control strategy of childhood tuberculosis.Methods:The incidence data and population data of PTB among children aged 0-14 in Fujian Province from 2008 to 2022 were extracted from the National Health Security Information Project Disease Prevention and Control Information System-Surveillance Management System and Basic Information System.The disease distribution and etiological examination results were analyzed using retrospective description and Joinpoint regression model.Results:From 2008 to 2022,a total of 1430 PTB cases among children aged 0-14 were reported in Fujian Province,accounting for 0.46%of the overall PTB patients(1430/307833).The average annual reported incidence of PTB in children during the 15-year period was 1.44/100000(1430/99435600),which was generally stable(AAPC=-5.69%,t=-1.618,P=0.106).The average annual reported incidence of PTB among children aged 10-14 was 3.20/100000(929/29051400),which was higher than that among children aged 0-4 and 5-9(χ^(2)=887.195,P<0.001).The reported incidence of PTB among children aged 0-4 showed a significant downward trend(AAPC=-8.55%,t=-2.438,P=0.015).The reported incidence of tuberculosis among children aged 5-9 and 10-14 showed a phased change,showing a significant upward trend in 2010—2022(APC=3.28%,t=2.416,P=0.036)and 2010—2019(APC=7.57%,t=2.787,P=0.027),respectively.There was no monthly periodic change in the incidence of PTB in children reported within each year.The average etiologically positive rate in children with PTB was 35.24%(504/1430)which showed an increasing trend from year to year(χ^(2)_(trend)=55.195,P<0.001).The highest and lowest annual reported incidence of PTB among children were in Ningde City and Longyan City,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=169.688,P<0.001).Except for Putian City(AAPC=-6.77%,t=-2

关 键 词：结核 肺 儿童 发病率 流行病学研究 回归分析 

分 类 号：R521[医药卫生—内科学] R211[医药卫生—临床医学]