卫星遥感在海洋渔业的应用与展望  

The Application and Prospects of Satellite Remote Sensing in Marine Fisheries

作　　者：刘阳[1] 田浩 李春霖[1] 范佳玉 罗燕萍 尹子旭 许振琦 常棣菁 黄传扬 Liu Yang;Tian Hao;Li Chunlin;Fan Jiayu;Luo Yanping;Yin Zixu;Xu Zhenqi;Chang Dijing;Huang Chuanyang(Deep Sea and Polar Fisheries Research Center,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学深远海与极地渔业研究中心,山东青岛266003

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第10期90-103,共14页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家重点研究发展计划项目(2023YFD2401303)资助。

摘　　要：全球气候和海洋环境的变化导致了海洋渔业资源的变动和海洋生物多样性减少,影响了人类食物来源的稳定和社会经济的发展。卫星遥感技术的快速发展为渔业资源的开发与利用提供了新的视角,卫星遥感技术具有实时监测、高空间分辨率和广覆盖等优势,卫星遥感与地理信息系统、导航定位、人工智能等技术的结合应用,能够为发展海洋渔业新质生产力、构建多元化食物供给体系提供有力的技术支撑。本文从近岸、远洋和极地的视角综述了卫星遥感技术在沿岸养殖、近岸渔业、远洋渔业和极地渔业中的应用方法和案例,探讨了渔业遥感在渔业资源监测与评估、养殖空间规划与选址、灾害风险预警、水生生物资源养护、远洋渔场预测、渔船监测管理、极地生态系统监测等领域的现状与前景。提出渔业遥感未来的发展方向为开发新一代微小卫星以提供高精度渔业遥感产品、结合人工智能发展智慧渔业、建立全球渔业信息与数据共享网络等。The changes in global climate and marine environments have led to variations and a reduction in marine biodiversity,thereby affecting the stability of human food sources and socio-economic development.The rapid advancement of satellite remote sensing technology provides new perspectives for developing and utilizing fishery resources.Satellite remote sensing technology boasts advantages such as real-time monitoring,high spatial resolution,and extensive coverage.The integration with satellite remote sensing with geographic information systems,navigation positioning,and artificial intelligence(AI)provides robust technical support for developing new productive capacities in marine fisheries and constructing a diversified food supply system.This paper reviews the application methods and case studies of satellite remote sensing technology in coastal aquaculture,nearshore fisheries,open sea fisheries,and polar fisheries from the perspectives of coastal,open sea,and polar regions.It explores the current status and prospects of fishery remote sensing research in areas such as fishery resource monitoring and assessment,aquaculture spatial planning and site selection,disaster risk warning,aquatic biological resource conservation,open sea fishery forecasting,fishing vessel monitoring and management,and polar ecosystem monitoring.The proposed future development directions for fishery remote sensing include the development of new-generation micro-satellites to provide high-precision fishery remote sensing products,the integration of AI to develop smart fisheries,and the establishment of a global fishery information and data-sharing network.

关 键 词：卫星遥感 渔业资源 渔场预测 渔业管理 极地渔业 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源] S937.3[农业科学—水产科学]