面向行人分类保护的汽车气囊式吸能装置研究  

Research on Vehicle Airbag Energy Absorption Device for Pedestrian Classification Protection

作　　者：闫凯波 舒洋 陆思思 段辉 杨杰 Yan Kaibo;Shu Yang;Lu Sisi;Duan Hui;Yang Jie(School of Mechanotronics&Vehicle Engineering,Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing 400074;Chongqing Jialing Special Equipment Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 400032;Beijing Lixiang Automobile Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 101399)

机构地区：[1]重庆交通大学机电与车辆工程学院,重庆400074 [2]重庆嘉陵特种装备有限公司,重庆400032 [3]北京理想汽车有限公司,北京101399

出　　处：《汽车工程》2024年第9期1687-1696,1686,共11页Automotive Engineering

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2022M723001,2022M713014);重庆市博士后研究项目特别资助(2022CQBSHTB2020);重庆市博士后科学基金(CSTB2022NSCQ-BHX0697,CSTB2022NSCQ-BHX0694);重庆市教育委员会科学技术研究项目(KJQN202200724,KJQN202100727)资助。

摘　　要：当前面向行人的碰撞保护研究主要针对成人开展,未对成人和儿童实施分类保护。本文根据EuroNCAP相关碰撞条款,建立了人-车碰撞数值仿真模型。仿真分析表明,通用气囊无法同时有效降低成人和儿童头部损伤。为此,根据安全气囊的特点及成人和儿童生理上的差异研究了成人和儿童分类保护气囊式吸能装置,并提出了一种改进的YOLOv5行人目标检测模型以实现对成人和儿童的分类识别。根据分类结果,汽车控制模块动态调整气囊式吸能装置参数,使该装置能够针对成人和儿童分别展开到不同状态,实现对行人的分类保护。结果表明,所设计的目标检测模型能够实现行人的分类识别,与初始模型相比,其在成人和儿童类别检测精确度方面分别提高了3.11%和4.32%。安装分类保护气囊装置后,成人头部HIC值能够最大降低63.4%,峰值加速度能够最大降低61.7%;儿童头部HIC值能够最大降低31.4%,峰值加速度能够最大降低53.2%。研究成果能够为行人主被动安全保护装置设计提供科学理论支撑。Current crash protection research for pedestrians has been conducted primarily on adults,with no classification of adults and children.In this paper,a numerical simulation model of human-vehicle collision is established according to the relevant crash provisions of Euro-NCAP,and the simulation analysis shows that universal airbags cannot effectively reduce the head injuries of adults and children at the same time.Therefore,an airbag energy absorption device for adult and child classification protection is studied according to the characteristics of airbags and the physiological differences between adults and children,and an improved YOLOv5 pedestrian target detection model is proposed to realize the classified recognition of adults and children.According to the classification results,the vehicle control module dynamically adjusts the parameters of the airbag energy absorption device,so that the device can be deployed to different states for adults and children respectively,realizing the classification protection of pedestrians.The results show that the designed target detection model is able to achieve the classification and recognition of pedestrians,with an increase of 3.11%and 4.32%in terms of adult and child category detection accuracy,respectively,compared with the initial model.After installing the airbag energy absorption device,the HIC value of the adult head can be reduced by a maximum of 63.4%and the peak acceleration can be reduced by a maximum of 61.7%,while the HIC value of the child head can be reduced by 31.4%and the peak acceleration can be reduced by 53.2%.The thesis research results can provide scientific theoretical support for the design of pedestrian active and passive safety protection devices.

关 键 词：碰撞 头部损伤 气囊式吸能装置 分类保护 

分 类 号：U491.61[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]