一种基于传递路径分析的车身钣金振动对车内噪声影响分析及控制方法  

Research on the Influence and Control of Automobile Sheet Metal Vibration on Interior Noise Based on Transmission Path Analysis

作　　者：李永超 赵禹 陈欢欢 王虎 张荣荣 Li Yongchao;Zhao Yu;Chen Huanhuan;Wang Hu;Zhang Rongrong(BYD Auto Industry Co.,Ltd.,Shenzhen 518118)

机构地区：[1]比亚迪汽车工业有限公司,深圳518118

出　　处：《汽车工程》2024年第9期1715-1722,共8页Automotive Engineering

摘　　要：为解决某车型在粗糙沥青路面30 km/h时速下产生的35-40 Hz频段路噪问题,通过仿真与测试的方法进行分析。基于结构噪声传递路径分析(TPA)理论与节点贡献量分析,确定问题频率噪声主要由车身钣金件的低频振动导致。为此,根据局部共振原理,设计了一种可根据钣金形状及钣金局部空间进行工业化设计的局部共振结构,该结构由金属支架与金属块组成。将该结构添加至贡献较大的钣金处,通过仿真得到,该结构降低了钣金的振动,从而优化了车内噪声,前排与后排噪声峰值分别降低了8.6和6.4 dB。同时,实车试验结果表明车内噪声前排与后排噪声峰值分别改善了7.0和5.8 dB。为控制钣金部件振动和辐射的低频噪声提供了一种新的研究方法和优化方案。The road noise problem in the frequency range of 35-40 Hz generated by a certain vehicle model on rough asphalt pavement at a speed of 30 km/h is analyzed by simulation and testing methods.Based on structural noise transfer path analysis(TPA)and node contribution analysis,it is determined that the problem frequency noise is mainly caused by low-frequency vibration of the vehicle body sheet metal parts.Therefore,based on the partial resonance principle,a resonance structure that can be industrialized according to the shape and local space of the sheet metal is designed,which is composed of a metal bracket and a metal block.By attaching this resonance structure to the sheet metal area with a significant contribution,simulation results show that the structure reduces the vibration of the sheet metal,thereby optimizing the interior noise.The peak noise levels in the front and rear seats are reduced by 8.6 and 6.4 dB,respectively.Meanwhile,the vehicle test results indicate that the interior noise has been improved by 7.0 and 5.8 dB.This provides a new research method and optimization scheme for controlling low-frequency noise caused by vibration of sheet metal.

关 键 词：传递路径分析 钣金 有限元分析 噪声控制 共振结构 

分 类 号：U467.493[机械工程—车辆工程]