从启蒙到解放:马克思早期思想话语的嬗变——以《德法年鉴》文本为中心的考察  

From Enlightenment to Liberation:The Evolution of Marx's Early Thought Discourse—A Study Centered on the Text of German-French Almanac

作　　者：王浩斌[1] 杨梦欣 WANG Haobin;YANG Mengxin(School of Marxism,Central South University,Changsha,Hunan,410083)

机构地区：[1]中南大学马克思主义学院,湖南长沙410083

出　　处：《成都大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期1-19,共19页Journal of Chengdu University (Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“中国共产党意识形态话语体系建设史研究”(项目编号:20BKS134);中南大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“马克思启蒙反思的整体性研究”(项目编号:2024ZZTS0583)。

摘　　要：马克思早期深受启蒙思想的影响,并经历了一个从启蒙到解放的话语嬗变阶段。马克思在《德法年鉴》上发表的两篇著作《〈黑格尔法哲学批判〉导言》与《论犹太人问题》中,揭示了启蒙在主体性、客体性、方法论三重视域下的困境。从主体性困境来看,启蒙并未真正确立人的主体性,相反却使资本成为了社会主体。从客体性困境来看,启蒙国家并未真正实现人的平等与自由,人的权利不得不让位于现实政治。从方法论困境来看,启蒙后立足于个人主义的个体难以构建真正的社会共同体。结合当时的德国启蒙现实,马克思主张通过无产阶级的革命运动来实现人的解放,这不仅为洞穿启蒙困境提供了现实的原则方法,也为我们当下反思自由、民主、平等等现代性问题提供了思想的启迪。Marx was deeply influenced by Enlightenment thought in his early years and underwent a transformation in discourse from enlightenment to liberation.In the two works published in the German-French Almanac,namely An Introduction of Critics of Hegel's Philosophy of Right and On The Jewish Question,Marx revealed the dilemmas of Enlightenment from the triple perspectives of subjectivity,objectivity,and methodology.From the perspective of subjectivity,enlightenment did not truly establish human subjectivity,but rather made capital the social subject.From the perspective of objectivity,the enlightenment state did not truly achieve human equality and freedom,and human rights had to give way to real politics.From the perspective of methodology,individuals grounded in individualism after enlightenment found it difficult to build a genuine social community.Given the reality of the German Enlightenment at that time,Marx advocated for the realization of human liberation through the revolutionary movement of the proletariat.This not only provides realistic principles and methods to penetrate the enlightenment dilemma,but also provides ideological enlightenment for us to reflect on modern issues such as freedom,democracy,equality,and so on.

关 键 词：《德法年鉴》 主体性 客体性 方法论 话语 

分 类 号：A811[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学] B036