四种杀虫剂对大胡蜂的急性毒性及风险评估  

Acute toxicity and risk assessment of four insecticides to Vespa magnifica(Hymenoptera:Vespidae)

作　　者：胡清美 孟任远 刘绍书 高江伟 王浩 曹艳如 刘子超 HU Qing-Mei;MENG Ren-Yuan;LIU Shao-Shu;GAO Jiang-Wei;WANG Hao;CAO Yan-Ru;LIU Zi-Chao(College of Agriculture and Life Sciences,Kunming University,Kunming 650214,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明学院农学与生命科学学院,昆明650214

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2024年第8期1086-1095,共10页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：云南省万人计划青年拔尖人才专项(YNWR-QNBJ-2018-161);昆明学院2023年科研特色团队。

摘　　要：【目的】评价4种常用杀虫剂制剂(25%噻虫嗪水分散粒剂、4.5%高效氯氰菊酯微乳剂、1.8%阿维菌素乳油和12%甲维盐·虫螨腈悬浮剂)对大胡蜂Vespa magnifica的毒性与风险。【方法】采用经口饲喂法和点滴法分别测定了上述4种杀虫剂制剂对大胡蜂职蜂成虫和幼虫的急性经口毒性,以及对职蜂成虫的急性接触毒性,并结合田间推荐施用量计算的危害熵值进行了这4种杀虫剂对大胡蜂成虫和幼虫的风险评估。【结果】25%噻虫嗪水分散粒剂、4.5%高效氯氰菊酯微乳剂、1.8%阿维菌素乳油和12%甲维盐·虫螨腈悬浮剂这4种杀虫剂制剂对大胡蜂职蜂成虫的经口毒性48 h半数致死剂量(medium lethal dose,LD_(50))值分别为2.43×10^(-2),4.22,3.61×10^(-2)和5.21×10^(-2)μg a.i./蜂,接触毒性48 h LD_(50)值分别为3.51×10^(-2),4.07,7.86×10^(-2)和0.16μg a.i./蜂,对职蜂幼虫的经口毒性48 h LD_(50)值分别为1.92×10^(-2),2.76,4.54×10^(-2)和0.24μg a.i./蜂。风险评估结果显示,25%噻虫嗪水分散粒剂、1.8%阿维菌素乳油和12%甲维盐·虫螨腈悬浮剂对大胡蜂职蜂成虫和幼虫均为高毒高风险,4.5%高效氯氰菊酯微乳剂对大胡蜂职蜂成虫和幼虫为中毒中风险。【结论】这4种杀虫剂对大胡蜂为高毒高风险或中毒中风险,风险均不可接受。建议对高风险制剂开展更深入的风险评估,并避免农药的喷洒时间与大胡蜂外出高峰期重叠。【Aim】To evaluate the toxicity and risks of four commonly used insecticide formulations 25%thiamethoxam water dispersible granule(WG),4.5%β-cypermethrin microemulsion(ME),1.8%avermectin emulsifiable concentrate(EC),and 12%benzoate·chlorfenapyr suspension concentrate(SC)to Vespa magnifica.【Methods】The acute oral toxicity of the above four insecticide formulations to both worker adults and larvae of V.magnifica,and the acute contact toxicity to its worker adults,were determined by oral-feeding and topical application,respectively.And the risk of the four insecticide formulations to the worker adults and larvae of V.magnifica were evaluated by combining with the hazard quotients calculated from the recommended field application rate.【Results】The 48-h oral median lethal dose(LD_(50))values of the four insecticide formulations 25%thiamethoxam WG,4.5%β-cypermethrin ME,1.8%avermectin EC,and 12%benzoate·chlorfenapyr SC against the worker adults of V.magnifica were 2.43×10^(-2),4.22,3.61×10^(-2)and 5.21×10^(-2)μg a.i.per wasp,respectively,the 48-h contact LD_(50) values against the worker adults of V.magnifica were 3.51×10^(-2),4.07,7.86×10^(-2)and 0.16μg a.i.per wasp,respectively,and the 48-h oral LD_(50) values against the worker larvae of V.magnifica were 1.92×10^(-2),2.76,4.54×10^(-2)and 0.24μg a.i.per wasp,respectively.The results of risk assessment showed that 25%thiamethoxam WG,1.8%avermectin EC and 12%benzoate chlorfenapyr SC had high toxicity and high risk,and 4.5%β-cypermethrin ME had medium toxicity and medium risk to the worker adults and larvae of V.magnifica.【Conclusion】The four insecticides have high toxicity and high risk or medium toxicity and medium risk to V.magnifica.The risks are unacceptable.It is recommended to carry out further risk assessment of the high-risk formulations and avoid the overlap of pesticide spraying time with the outgoing peak of V.magnifica.

关 键 词：大胡蜂 杀虫剂 经口饲喂 点滴法 急性毒性 风险评估 

分 类 号：Q965.9[生物学—昆虫学]