基于职能分工的地熊蜂飞行能力的差异分析  

Analysis of differences in the flight ability of Bombus terrestris(Hymenoptera:Apidae)based on division of labor

作　　者：赵荣华 曲焱焱 王甦[1] 苏晓玲 王玉玉 王欢[1] ZHAO Rong-Hua;QU Yan-Yan;WANG Su;SU Xiao-Ling;WANG Yu-Yu;WANG Huan(Institute of Plant Protection,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China;College of Plant Protection,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China;Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Zhejiang Province,Jinhua 321000,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院植物保护研究所,北京100097 [2]河北农业大学植物保护学院,保定071000 [3]浙江省金华市农业科学研究院,金华321000

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2024年第8期1115-1126,共12页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金项目(6244039);国家自然科学基金项目(32102240);科技基础资源调查专项课题(2018FY100403)。

摘　　要：【目的】熊蜂是一种社会性昆虫,不同级型以及同一级型不同生理阶段具有不同的职能分工。其中,飞行能力是影响不同生理阶段熊蜂传粉和交配等职能的一个重要因素。本研究旨在探究职能分工和体重对地熊蜂Bombus terrestris飞行能力的影响,为地熊蜂的高效生产和利用提供理论依据。【方法】利用飞行磨对地熊蜂蜂王、工蜂和雄蜂3种级型以及不同生理阶段的蜂王(处女王、滞育王和产卵王)在24 h内的飞行距离、飞行速度和飞行时间等飞行能力进行测定,分析飞行能力与职能、体重、飞行后体重下降量之间的相关性。【结果】在24 h吊飞试验中,地熊蜂雄蜂的累计飞行距离、累计飞行时间、最大飞行距离和最长飞行时间均显著高于工蜂和蜂王的,雄蜂和蜂王的平均飞行速度和最大飞行速度也显著高于工蜂的,即相同条件下工蜂飞行能力最差。不同生理阶段的蜂王的飞行能力存在显著差异,处女王的累计飞行距离、累计飞行时间、最大飞行距离、最长飞行时间、平均飞行速度和最大飞行速度均显著高于滞育王和产卵王的,后二者在飞行距离和飞行速度方面无显著差异。三型蜂中,蜂王和工蜂的累计飞行距离和累计飞行时间均与体重呈显著正相关,但平均飞行速度与体重无显著相关性;雄蜂飞行能力与体重无显著相关性,但累计飞行距离和累计飞行时间与飞行后体重下降量呈显著正相关;在蜂王的不同生理阶段,处女王的累计飞行距离和累计飞行时间与体重呈显著正相关,滞育王和产卵王累计飞行距离和累计飞行时间与飞行后体重下降量呈正相关。【结论】地熊蜂飞行能力的差异与阶段性的职能改变密切相关,且不同级型和生理阶段的地熊蜂的飞行能力分别与体重和飞行后体重下降量有一定的相关性。研究结果为地熊蜂在生产中的优选优育和应用提供了一�【Aim】Bumblebees,as social insects,have divisions of labor in different castes and even different physiological stages of the same caste.Flight ability is one of the key factors affecting their multiple behaviors including foraging and copulation,at different physiological stages.This study aims to explore the influences of division of labor and body weight on the flight ability of Bombus terrestris,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the efficient production and utilization of B.terrestris.【Methods】The flight ability of B.terrestris involving flight distance,flight velocity,and flight duration within 24 h,was measured by a flight mill on three castes(queens,workers and drones),and queens at different physiological stages(i.e.virgin queens,post-diapause queens and egg-laying queens),and the correlations between the flight ability and the caste,body weight and post-flight body weight loss were analyzed.【Results】The cumulative flight distance,cumulative flight duration,maximum flight distance and maximum fight duration of drones of B.terrestris were significantly longer than those of workers and queens within 24-h tethered flight.The average flight velocity and maximum flight velocity of drones and queens were significantly higher than those of workers,i.e.the flight ability of workers was the worst under the same conditions.There were significant differences in the flight ability of queens at different physiological stages.The cumulative flight distance,cumulative flight duration,maximum flight distance,maximum fight duration,average flight velocity and maximum flight velocity of the virgin queens were significantly higher than those of the post-diapause and egg-laying queens.There was no significant difference in the flight distance and flight velocity between the latter two queens.The cumulative flight distance and duration of queens and workers were significantly positively correlated with the body weight,but there was no significant correlation between their average flight velocity and body wei

关 键 词：地熊蜂 飞行能力 体重 级型结构 职能分工 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]