现代农业经营体系:国际比较、中国特色与道路选择  

Modern Agricultural Management System:International Comparison,Chinese Characteristics and Road Selection

作　　者：芦千文 LU Qianwen

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院农村发展研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《世界农业》2024年第10期5-19,共15页World Agriculture

基　　金：中国社会科学院2023年度智库基础研究项目“加强农村集体‘三资’管理的关键问题及对策”(23ZKJC058);国家社会科学基金青年项目“农业生产托管的理论探析、模式规范与政策优化研究”(20CGL028)。

摘　　要：锚定建设农业强国战略目标,探索中国特色现代农业经营体系,是以新质生产力发展现代化大农业的必然要求。农业强国的经营体系各具特色,但都形成了多元主体适度规模经营机制、要素集约投入市场配置机制、全产业链融合发展共赢机制以及战略企业支撑的产业安全保障机制。中国构建了以基本经营制度为根基的立体式复合型动态化的现代农业经营体系,呈现了多元主体共同发展、多元机制相互转化、多元路径区域交织、战略企业加速生成的特征。深化巩固和完善基本经营制度改革,统筹产业功能和兜底保障功能,处理好家庭分散经营与集体统一经营的辩证关系,形成在更大范围探索适度规模经营、要素集约配置、产业融合发展机制的制度性成本,为未来创新现代农业经营体系提出了新议题。推进中国特色现代农业经营体系,要适应农业从业人员结构变化、人口资源分离格局变化、发展现代化大农业建设农业强国要求,调整新型经营主体培育战略和资源要素集约配置机制,创新现代农业产业组织体系,培育战略引领型企业集团。对此,本文提出了沿着凸显“强”的方向完善现代农业经营体系的深化改革和实践探索思路。It is an inevitable requirement for developing modern agriculture with new quality productivity to anchor the strategic goal of building up strength in agriculture and explore the modern agricultural management system with Chinese characteristics.Each distinctive strength in agriculture management system has formed a moderate scale operation mechanism,a factor intensive investment market allocation mechanism,a mechanism for the integrated development of the entire industry chain,and an industrial security guarantee mechanism supported by strategic enterprises.Based on the basic management system,China has built a three-dimensional,composite and dynamic modern agricultural management system,presenting characteristics of joint development of multiple entities,mutual transformation of multiple mechanisms,interweaving of multiple paths and regions,and accelerated generation of strategic enterprises.Deepening the consolidation and improvement of the reform of the basic operating system,we need to coordinate the functions of industries and the guarantee function,handle the dialectical relationship between dispersed family operations and collective unified operations,and form institutional costs for exploring moderate scale operations,intensive factor allocation,and industrial integration development mechanisms on a larger scale.This has put forward new issues for the future innovation of modern agricultural management systems.To promote the modern agricultural management system with Chinese characteristics,we need to adapt to changes in the structure of agricultural practitioners,changes in the pattern of population and resource separation,and the requirements of developing modern agriculture and building up strength in agriculture.We need to adjust the cultivation strategy of new business entities and the mechanism for intensive allocation of resource elements,innovate the modern agricultural industrial organization system,and cultivate strategic leading enterprise groups.In response,a deepening reform and practical e

关 键 词：现代农业经营体系 农业强国 新型农业生产关系 中国特色农业现代化 现代化大农业 

分 类 号：F323[经济管理—产业经济]