农民分化结构下日本基层农业协同组合的发展经验和启示——以山形县置赐农业协同组合为例  

Development Experience and Enlightenment of Japan Grassroots Agricultural Cooperatives under Farmers’Differentiation Structure——Example of Okitama Agricultural Cooperatives from Yamagata County

作　　者：曹斌[1] CAO Bin

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院农村发展研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《世界农业》2024年第10期31-42,共12页World Agriculture

基　　金：中国社会科学院2021年智库基础研究课题;日本国际交流基金“日本农业经营结构变化与农协改革研究”阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：本文以日本基层农业协同组合为例,探讨农民分化结构下合作经济组织的发展路径,并对完善中国农民专业合作社制度提出对策建议。研究发现,随着城镇化、工业化快速发展,农民在规模、年龄、地权关系、经营和产业链融合等方面出现显著分化,并且已成为常态。日本基层农业协同组合利用制度优势,在坚持合作经济原则不变的前提下,一方面,打造地区公共品牌增加产品附加值、降低农资采购成本和成员风险防控成本,通过降本增效的方法满足分化农民的共同诉求;另一方面,针对不同规模、不同年龄、不同经营方式的分化农民制定具有针对性的帮扶政策,有效满足分化农民多维度的个性需求,实现农民与基层农业协同组合的共同发展。鉴于中国国情,建议通过健全成员认定制度、完善内外监管制度和增强合作社为农服务能力促进中国农民专业合作社高质量发展。This study takes Japan Grassroots Agricultural Cooperatives(JGAC)as an example,to discusse the development path of cooperative economic organization under the structure of farmer differentiation,which puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to improve the system of Chinese farmers’specialized cooperative.It is found that with the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization,farmers have shown significant differentiation in terms of scale,age,land rights relationship,operation and industrial chain integration,and it has become the norm.The JGAS adheres to the principle of democratic management of farmers and the preferential return,reducing costs and increasing efficiency,that is,to increase the added value of products,reduce the members of agricultural materials procurement costs,risk prevention and control costs,and according to the needs of different types of differentiated farmers,targeted service measures,which effectively meets the diversified needs of farmers and increases the stickiness between farmers and the agricultural association.It is suggested to improve the member identification system,to improve the internal and external supervision system and to enhance the ability of cooperatives to serve farmers and promote the high-quality development of Chinese farmers’specialized cooperatives.

关 键 词：日本 农民分化 农业协同组合 农民专业合作社 农业经营结构 

分 类 号：F323[经济管理—产业经济] F331.3