模拟生活干垃圾循环流化床气化试验  

Gasification of synthetic waste in circulating fluidized bed

作　　者：何守琪 刘志成 王小芳[2,3] 蔡军 HE Shouqi;LIU Zhicheng;WANG Xiaofang;CAI Jun(Datong Institute of Coal Clean and Efficient Utilization,Datong 037000,China;Shanxi Key Laboratory of Coal Flexible Combustion and Thermal Conversion,Datong 037000,China;Institute of Engineering Thermophilic,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;Shanxi Engineering Research Center of Coal Clean,Efficient Combustion and Gasification,Datong 037000,China;School of Engineering Science,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]大同市煤炭清洁高效利用研究所,山西大同037000 [2]煤灵活燃烧与热转化山西省重点实验室,山西大同037000 [3]中国科学院工程热物理研究所,北京100190 [4]山西省煤炭清洁高效燃烧与气化工程研究中心,山西大同037000 [5]中国科学院大学工程科学学院,北京100049

出　　处：《洁净煤技术》2024年第9期156-164,共9页Clean Coal Technology

基　　金：煤灵活燃烧与热转化山西省重点实验室建设资助项目(202204010931004)。

摘　　要：为给工业化循环流化床垃圾气化技术研发提供基础数据,在中试规模循环流化床气化试验台,研究过量空气系数和系统富氧体积分数对模拟生活干垃圾(简称“干垃圾”)气化特性影响。试验用干垃圾为单组分垃圾料配置而成的压块料,组成包括纸张、织物、木屑、灰渣和水,分别按质量分数60%、10%、10%、10%及10%配比,并通过用干垃圾压块料和工业锅炉底渣交错加料的方式解决了中试试验中压块料进料不畅的问题。通过试验发现干垃圾空气气化条件,过量空气系数由0.31提至0.50,气化温度会由850℃提至950℃,生成的煤气热值3976~2590 kJ/m^(3),煤气中CO产率增加,H_(2)产率先增加后减少,CH_(4)产率减少,煤气产气率2.28~3.08 m^(3)/kg,冷煤气效率42.97%~51.01%,碳转化率83.11%~92.45%;在900℃条件系统富氧体积分数由30%升高至50%时,水煤气反应得到强化,煤气有效组分(CO+H_(2)+CH_(4))产率和煤气热值均得到提高,煤气热值5274~7294 kJ/m^(3),煤气产气率1.37~1.93 m^(3)/kg,碳转化率83.32%~81.11%,冷煤气效率55.39%~53.77%;模拟生活干垃圾在中试规模循环流化床气化炉内实现稳定空气气化和富氧-水蒸汽气化运行,炉膛底部温度低,炉膛底部至顶部高度范围内温度分布较为均匀,装置稳定连续运行108 h,温差在19.7℃以内,中试规模循环流化床内部物料循环稳定。To provide basic data for the development of industrial circulating fluidized bed(CFB)synthetic waste gasification technology,the effect of excess air coefficient and O_(2)volume fraction on the gasification characteristics of synthetic waste were studied in a pilot-scale CFB gasifier.The synthetic waste used in the experiment is a material made of single-component waste,which consists of paper,fabric,sawdust,ash and water,respectively,according to the mass fraction of 60%,10%,10%,10%and 10%.The problem of poor feeding of block material in the pilot test was solved by using synthetic waste and boiler bottom slag alternately.The gasification temperature increased from 850℃to 950℃when the excess air coefficient increased from 0.31 to 0.50.The calorific value of the generated gas is 3976-2590 kJ/m^(3).CO yields increases,H_(2) yields increases first and then decreases,and CH_(4) yields decreases.The gas production rate is 2.28-3.08 m^(3)/kg,the cold gas efficiency is 42.97%-51.01%,and the carbon conversion rate is 83.11%-92.45%.As O_(2)concentration increased from^(3)0%to 50%at around 900℃,the water-gas shift reaction was enhanced.The overall yields of CO、H_(2) and CH_(4) improves and calorific value of the generated gas improves(5274-7294 kJ/m^(3)).The gas production rate is 1.37-1.93 m^(3)/kg,the carbon conversion rate is 83.32%-81.11%,and th e cold gas efficiency is 55.39%-53.77%.The steady operation of synthetic waste gasification is realized in a pilot-scale CFB gasifier for 108 hours.The temperature at the bottom of gasifier is relatively low and the temperature distribution from the bottom of gasifier to the top is relatively uniform.The temperature difference within 19.7℃indicates that stable material circulation inside the pilot-scale CFB.

关 键 词：干垃圾 气化 循环流化床 中试 富氧-水蒸气 

分 类 号：TQ530.2[化学工程—煤化学工程]