重大公共卫生事件对联合国全球采购的影响及中国供应地位的变化——以新冠疫情为例  

Impact of Major Public Health Events on United Nations Global Procurement and Evolution of China′s Supply Position:A Case Study of the Novel Coronavirus(COVID-19)Pandemic

作　　者：刘晶丽 蒋梅英[1] 熊理然[1,2,3] LIU Jingli;JIANG Meiying;XIONG Liran(Faculty of Geography,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming 650500;Center for Bay of Bengal Area Studies of Yunnan Normal University,Kunming 650500;Center for Cambodia Studies of Yunnan Normal University,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学地理学部,云南昆明650500 [2]云南师范大学孟加拉湾地区研究中心,云南昆明650500 [3]云南师范大学柬埔寨研究中心,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《地理与地理信息科学》2024年第5期59-66,共8页Geography and Geo-Information Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42071197、41861028);云南省环印度洋资源与安全国际联合实验室建设专项项目(202303AP140002)

摘　　要：全球重大公共卫生事件的暴发严重危害人类生命健康,同时也对全球经济格局形成全面冲击。该文以新冠疫情为例,基于联合国全球采购数据库,综合运用数理统计、空间可视化等方法揭示重大公共卫生事件对联合国全球采购规模、结构、来源地的影响以及中国供应地位的变动,结果表明:①疫情发生使联合国全球采购规模迅速扩大,采购结构发生明显变化。疫情发生前联合国采购来源地主要集中于美国、印度、阿联酋等国家,疫情发生后地域集中趋势越发明显,对部分国家的依赖程度不断加深。②联合国全球采购网络在疫情发生前后均表现出明显的层级性和空间非均衡性特征,少数大国占据网络的核心地位;疫情后不同等级的采购网络发生变化,中国跻身于一级核心网络,也门、苏丹等国处于二、三级网络,更低等级采购网络呈现“长尾”分布特征。③疫情发生前,中国在联合国全球采购中的供应地位与全球第二大经济体的地位极不匹配,这与中国企业专业投标人才短缺、竞争优势不足和联合国采购存在路径依赖等因素有关;疫情发生后,中国供应地位不断攀升,尤其在医疗卫生领域有明显突破。研究结果有助于中国政府和企业深入了解联合国全球采购的空间格局、来源结构、路径依赖和采购潜力,对疫情后中国企业主动参与联合国全球采购、拓展中国企业海外市场具有重要意义。The global outbreak of the novel coronavirus(COVID-19),a major public health event,not only causes great harm to human life and health,but also has a comprehensive impact on the global economic pattern.Taking the COVID-19 pandemic as an example,based on the United Nations global procurement database,this paper comprehensively adopts mathematical statistics and spatial visualization to reveal the impact of major public health events on the scale,structure and source of the UN global procurement,as well as the changes in China′s supply position.The results are shown as follows.①The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic caused the rapid expansion of the UN global procurement scale,showing a procurement structure with medicine,contraceptives,vaccines and other medical and health commodities as the core.Before the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic,the procurement sources of the UN were mainly concentrated in the United States,India,and the United Arab Emirates,etc.After the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic,the regional concentration trend became more obvious,and the dependence on some countries was deepening.②The UN global procurement network showed obvious hierarchical and spatial imbalance before and after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic,with a few major countries occupying the core position of the network.After the COVID-19 pandemic,the procurement network with different levels has changed,and China has joined the first-tier core network,countries such as Yemen and Sudan are in the second-tier and third-tier networks.The lower level procurement network presents a"long tail"distribution.③Before the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic,China′s supply position in the UN global procurement was inconsistent with that of the world′s second largest economy.After the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic,China′s supply in the medical and health field of global procurement has increased significantly,and its supply position in the UN procurement has continued to rise.

关 键 词：联合国 全球采购 空间网络 供应地位 中国 新冠疫情 

分 类 号：F742[经济管理—国际贸易] F752[经济管理—产业经济]