巨大芽孢杆菌Y2对猪粪堆肥腐熟度和氮素转化的影响  

Effects of Bacillus Megatherium Y2 on Maturity and Nitrogen Transformation during Pig Manure Composting

作　　者：陈薇 刘标 高帅帅 唐冰璇 李咏梅 吴民熙 尹红梅 CHEN Wei;LIU Biao;GAO Shuaishuai;TANG Bingxuan;YIN Hongmei;WU Minxi;YIN Hongmei(Hunan Academy of Microbiology,Changsha,Hunan 410009,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省微生物研究院,湖南长沙410009

出　　处：《家畜生态学报》2024年第9期79-84,共6页Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金(2021JJ30412);长沙市自然科学基金(kq2208131)。

摘　　要：为了促进猪粪堆肥腐熟并减少氮素损失,通过好氧堆肥试验设置不接种菌剂(CK)、接种3%巨大芽孢杆菌Y2菌剂(T1)、5%Y2菌剂(T2)3个处理,监测堆肥过程中腐熟指标、各种形态氮含量及氨挥发速率等的变化。结果表明,与对照组相比,添加Y2菌剂促进堆肥提前2 d进入高温期,高温持续时间延长了3 d,有效降低了堆肥过程中的pH与EC值,提高了种子发芽指数,加速了堆肥进程,缩短了堆肥周期;添加Y2菌剂显著提高堆肥过程中铵态氮与硝态氮的含量。堆肥结束时,与对照组相比,T1、T2试验组NH_(4)^(+)-N的含量提高了14.4%、13.5%,NO_(3)^(-)-N的含量提高了34.8%、38.7%;添加Y2菌剂明显降低了堆肥过程中NH 3释放量,与对照组相比,T1、T2 NH 3最大释放量分别降低了14.6%、17.9%。与堆肥前期相比,对照组、T1、T2总氮的增加率分别为9.7%、21.7%和21.9%,添加Y2菌剂固氮效果好。以上结果说明,Y2菌剂在促进堆肥腐熟、抑制氨气挥发和减少氮素损失方面具有较好的效果。To facilitate the composting of pig manure and reduce nitrogen loss,an aerobic composting experiment was conducted with three treatments:a control group without inoculant(CK),and two inoculated groups with 3%(T1)and 5%(T2)of Bacillus subtilis Y2.Changes in maturity indicators,forms of nitrogen content,and ammonia volatilization rates were monitored during the composting process.The results indicate that,compared to the control group,the addition of Y2 inoculant accelerated the onset of the high-temperature phase by 2 days and extended the duration of high temperatures by 3 days.It effectively lowered the pH and electrical conductivity(EC)values during the composting process,improved the seed germination index(GI),accelerated composting progress,and reduced the composting cycle.The addition of Y2 bacterial agent significantly increased the NH_(4)^(+)-N and NO_(3)^(-)-N contents throughout the composting.At the end of the composting process,compared to the control group,the NH_(4)^(+)-N contents in treatment groups T1 and T2 increased by 14.4% and 13.5%,respectively,while NO_(3)^(-)-N contents increased by 34.8% and 38.7%.Furthermore,the addition of Y2 inoculant significantly reduced ammonia(NH 3)emissions during composting,with maximum releases in T1 and T2 decreased by 14.6% and 17.9%,respectively,compared to the control group.In comparison to the initial stage of composting,the total nitrogen increases were 9.7%for the control group,21.7% for T1,and 21.9% for T2,indicating the effective nitrogen-fixing capacity of the Y2 inoculant.These findings demonstrate that the Y2 inoculant is effective in promoting compost maturity,inhibiting ammonia volatilization,and reducing nitrogen loss.

关 键 词：巨大芽孢杆菌Y2 猪粪 堆肥 腐熟度 氮 

分 类 号：S811.5[农业科学—畜牧学] S414.4[农业科学—畜牧兽医]