基于中国鸟情的鸟撞适航条款充分性和适宜性  

Adequacy and suitability of airworthiness clause of bird strike based on bird situation in China

作　　者：陆晓华[1] 蔡景[1] 张柱国 张迎春 LU Xiaohua;CAI Jing;ZHANG Zhuguo;ZHANG Yingchun(College of Civil Aviation,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 211106,China;Shanghai Aircraft Airworthiness Certification Center of CAAC,Shanghai 200335,China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学民航学院,南京211106 [2]中国民用航空上海航空器适航审定中心,上海200335

出　　处：《北京航空航天大学学报》2024年第9期2810-2818,共9页Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U1933202);中国民航局安全能力建设基金(2021-198)。

摘　　要：以中国民航近十余年运输类飞机鸟撞信息为数据源,利用混合威布尔函数拟合鸟撞能量分布,并应用列文伯格-马夸尔特(L-M)寻优算法得到更为精确的拟合分布参数估计值。对照安全性指标,通过鸟撞能量分布函数评估出现有鸟撞适航条款对机翼而言是具有充分性和适宜性的,对尾翼而言具有充分性但过于保守。以发生灾难性事故的安全性指标为依据,中国鸟情环境下机翼结构抗鸟撞鸟体质量最低适航要求为1.218 kg;同时验证了美国联邦航空局(FAA)在美国鸟情环境下提高机翼结构抗鸟撞鸟体质量最低适航要求的愿景(约3.6 kg),证明了基于两重两参数混合威布尔分布的鸟撞冲击能量统计分析方法的有效性及结果的可信度,为中国民航自主修订相关适航条款修订提供了理论依据和实践参考。Based on the data source of bird strike information of airplanes in transportation category from civil aviation of China in recent ten years,the mixed Weibull function was used to fit the bird strike energy distribution,and a Levenberg-Marquardt(L-M)optimization algorithm was applied to obtain more accurate estimations of fitted distribution parameters.Based on the safety index,it was sufficient and appropriate for the wing to evaluate the existing airworthiness clauses of bird strike by the bird strike energy distribution function.However,it was sufficient but too conservative for the tail.According to the safety index of catastrophic accidents,the minimum bird weight meeting the airworthiness requirement of the wing against bird strike under the bird situation in China was 1.218 kg.At the same time,the vision was verified that Federal Aviation Administration(FAA)would increase the minimum airworthiness requirement of the wing against bird strike to 3.6 kg under the bird situation in America,which partially demonstrated the validity of the methods and reliability of the results and provided a theoretical basis and practical reference for the independent revision of relevant airworthiness clauses of civil aviation of China.

关 键 词：鸟情环境 适航条款 鸟撞能量分布 评估 充分性 适宜性 安全性指标 

分 类 号：V221.1[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计] X915.1[环境科学与工程—安全科学]