柱塞泵配流盘卸荷槽开度对瞬态流场特征影响  

Influence of unloading groove opening of port plate of plunger pumps on transient flow field characteristics

作　　者：刘珊珊 雷欣瑞 宋字宇 杨凯 黄家海 LIU Shanshan;LEI Xinrui;SONG Ziyu;YANG Kai;HUANG Jiahai(College of Mechanical and Carrier Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China;Taiyuan Heavy Machinery Group Yuci Hydraulic Industry Co.,Ltd.,Jinzhong 030600,China)

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学机械与运载工程学院,太原030024 [2]太重集团榆次液压工业有限公司,晋中030600

出　　处：《北京航空航天大学学报》2024年第9期2919-2929,共11页Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFB2011903)。

摘　　要：空化是影响轴向柱塞泵性能的关键因素,柱塞缸体表面损坏是一种常见的失效形式,但目前成因尚不清晰。建立柱塞泵三维流场仿真模型,设计可观察单个柱塞腔与卸荷槽导通状态下流场特征的实验装置,并采用流体仿真和流场可视化测量的方法揭示了其成因。研究结果表明:射流角随卸荷槽开度的增大而增大,并伴随漩涡的产生与消失,射流中心速度大于20 m/s时漩涡产生;柱塞腔与卸荷槽由导通至完全截止的转变过程中,射流角由0°逐渐增大至60°,当射流角由0°向20°变化时,射流方向主要集中于柱塞缸体与配流盘腰型槽接触的表面处,导致柱塞缸体表面和配流盘吸油腰型槽上部产生射流破坏和气蚀破坏;当射流角由20°向60°变化时,射流方向将向配流盘腰型槽内部扩展,导致配流盘破坏区域由上部移向内部。上述研究结果有助于厘清柱塞缸体摩擦表面气蚀成因,为配流盘结构优化设计提供了约束条件,对提升柱塞泵的综合性能也有重要意义。Cavitation in axial plunger pumps is a main factor affecting its comprehensive performance.The damage in the surface of plunger cylinder is a common failure mode,but the cause is not clear.In view of this damage reason,a three-dimensional CFD model of the pump was established,and a visualization device was designed to observe the flow field characteristics of single plunger cavity and unloading groove on state,so the cause relationship was revealed by simulation and visual measurement of the flow field.The results show that the jet angle increases with the increase in unloading groove opening,accompanied by the generation and disappearance of the vortex,the vortex is generated when the central velocity of the jet is greater than 20 m/s.The simulation results further show that during the transition of the plunger and unloading groove from on state to complete cut-off,the jet angle increases from 0°to 60°gradually.When the jet angle changes from 0°to 20°,the jet direction mainly concentrates on the contact surface between the plunger type cylinder and the waistband groove of the port plate,which leads to jet damage and cavitation damage on the friction surface of the plunger type cylinder and the upper part of the oil absorption waistband groove of the port plate.When the jet angle changes from 20°to 60°,the jet angle expands to the inside of the waistband groove of the port plate,which causes the damaged area of the port plate to move from the upper part to the inside.The formation and disappearance of the vortex are related to the central velocity of the jet.The above research results are helpful in clarifying the causes of cavitation damage on the friction surface of plunger type cylinders,and they provide constraints for the optimization design of port plate structure and have important significance for improving the comprehensive performance of plunger pumps.

关 键 词：轴向柱塞泵 空化 配流盘 缸体 卸荷槽 气蚀 

分 类 号：TH137.5[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]