论《楚辞》神话对夏商神话的接受与重构  

On the Acceptance and Reconstruction of the Mythology in The Songs of Chu to the Mythology of Xia and Shang Dynasties

作　　者：李进宁 Li Jinning

机构地区：[1]郑州师范学院,河南郑州450044

出　　处：《中华文化论坛》2024年第4期44-53,共10页Journal of Chinese Culture

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目“屈骚神话研究”(项目编号:21FZWB028);河南省高校人文社会科学研究项目“《史记索隐》文献学价值及近现代接受研究”(项目编号:2022-ZZJH-296);郑州师范学院博士科研启动项目“李德裕公文研究”(项目编号:702541)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《楚辞》神话是镶嵌于楚文化苍穹中的一颗璀璨明星,具有独特的民族风格和价值取向,它不仅保存着楚人最初的民族记忆和文化特质,还呈现出南北文化同构相拟和彼此交融的特征。从《楚辞》中保存的具有神话学意义的六十余位神灵形象来看,这些神话故事大都取材于上古时期的黄河流域诸国,尤其是夏商时期广泛流传的神话传说或灵怪故事,为《楚辞》神话提供了最为原始的材料。从民族志视阈而言,楚地主流文化与夏商文化密不可分,楚文化创造性地保存了儒家思想洗礼前的夏商原始巫文化,《楚辞》神话所记录、书写或改造过的夏商神话传说,便以原始神话、活态神话以及变形神话等多种形式烙印于楚人的心灵深处,并在楚地巫风淫祀的浸润下进一步发扬光大。因此,《楚辞》神话接受并重构了夏商神话传说。The mythology in The Songs of Chu is a brilliant pearl inlaid in the dome of Chu culture,with unique ethnic style and valuable orientation.It not only preserves the initial ethnic memory and cultural characteristics of Chu people,but also presents the isomorphic and intermingled characteristics between northern and southern cultures.Judging from the images of more than sixty gods preserved in The Songs of Chu,which could show mythological significance,most of these myths were drawn from the various states that inhabited in the Yellow River basin in ancient times.Especially,the mythological legends or spirit monster stories widely circulated in Xia and Shang dynasties,have provided the most primitive materials for the mythology in The Songs of Chu.From the perspective of ethnography,the mainstream culture in Chu region is inseparable from Xia and Shang cultures.Without the impact of Confucianism,Chu culture creatively preserved the original Wu(巫)culture of Xia and Shang dynasties.In The Songs of Chu,mythological legends from Xia and Shang culture have been recorded,spreaded and transformed in various forms,such as original mythology,living mythology and deformed mythology.These legends were imprinted in the deep hearts of Chu people,and gained further dissemination under the shamanic ethos in Chu region.In sum,the mythology in The Songs of Chu accepted and reconstructed mythological legends of Xia and Shang cultures.

关 键 词：《楚辞》神话 夏商神话 民族志 楚文化 巫文化 

分 类 号：I209[文学—中国文学]