多层坚硬顶板动压巷道矿压显现规律及深浅孔组合爆破切顶控制技术研究  

Mine Pressure Manifestation Law of Dynamic Pressure Roadway with Multi-Layer Hard Roof and Roof Cutting Control Technology of Deep and Shallow Hole Combination Blasting

作　　者：任霄洋 郭俊庆[1,3] 张百胜 郗泽涛[1,2] 卢春生 李恒忠 REN Xiaoyang;GUO Junqing;ZHANG Baisheng;XI Zetao;LU Chunsheng;LI Hengzhong(Key Laboratory of In-situ Modified Mining of Ministry of Education,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan,Shanxi 030024,China;School of Mining Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan,Shanxi 030024,China;Shanxi Transformation and Comprehensive Reform Demonstration Zone,Taiyuan,Shanxi 030024,China;School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering,Curtin University,Western Australia 6845,Australia;Shanxi Gowin Construction Technology of Coalbed Gas Co.,Ltd.,Taiyuan,Shanxi 030024,China)

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学原位改性采矿教育部重点实验室,山西太原030024 [2]太原理工大学矿业工程学院,山西太原030024 [3]山西转型综合改革示范区,山西太原030024 [4]科廷大学土木与机械工程学院,澳大利亚6845 [5]山西国源煤层气综合利用工程技术股份有限公司,山西太原030024

出　　处：《矿业研究与开发》2024年第9期48-55,共8页Mining Research and Development

基　　金：山西省应用基础研究计划面上项目(20210302123148);国家自然科学基金资助项目(52274091);山西省重点研发计划项目(201903D121075)。

摘　　要：针对多层坚硬顶板巷道受相邻工作面采动影响导致巷道维护困难的问题,以碾焉煤矿8104运输顺槽为工程背景,综合采用实验室试验、理论分析、数值模拟与现场工业性试验等,研究了多层坚硬顶板动压巷道的矿压显现规律及其机理,提出了深浅孔组合爆破切顶卸压技术,并分析了控制效果。结果表明:(1)多层坚硬顶板巷道围岩变形主要分为缓慢变形、快速变形与变形趋于稳定等3个阶段,并在快速变形阶段呈台阶式增长的变化规律,其“台阶”数量与近场内坚硬顶板的层数有关;(2)深浅孔组合爆破切顶后,切断了低位关键层的侧向悬臂结构,减少了低位关键层破断引起的动载次数;同时缩短了高低位关键层的悬臂梁长度,减小施加给区段煤柱的静载,从而共同降低了邻近动压巷道围岩的压力;(3)相较不切顶时,浅孔爆破、深孔爆破和深浅孔组合爆破等3种不同切顶方式作用后,煤柱侧的平均垂直应力分别降低了14.8%、8.9%、29.7%,并且深浅孔组合爆破切顶后,在垮落带中顶板垮落更充分,在裂隙带中岩层断裂位置最靠近煤柱,采空区中部覆岩产生的裂隙也更均匀;(4)深浅孔组合爆破切顶后,8104运输顺槽在8103邻近工作面和8104工作面两次采动影响后,围岩变形量小于400 mm,保障了矿井安全高效生产。Aiming at the problem of difficult maintenance of roadway with multi-layer hard roof due to the influence of mining of adjacent working face,8104 transport channel of Nianyan Coal Mine was taken as the engineering background.Comprehensively adopting the laboratory test,theoretical analysis,numerical simulation and on-site industrial test,mine pressure manifestation law and mechanism of dynamic pressure roadway with multi-layer hard roof were studied,roof cutting and pressure relief technology of deep and shallow hole combination blasting was put forward,and the control effect was analyzed.The results are shown as follows.Firstly,the deformation of the surrounding rock with multi-layer hard roof is mainly divided into three stages of slow deformation,rapid deformation and deformation tends to stabilize.In the stage of rapid deformation,it shows the change law of step growth,and the number of steps is related to the number of layers of hard roof in the near field.Secondly,after the deep and shallow hole combination blasting,the lateral cantilever structure of the low key stratum is cut off,which reduces the number of dynamic loads caused by the fracture of the low key stratum.At the same time,the length of the cantilever beam of the high and low key strata is shortened,and the static load applied to the section coal pillar is reduced,so as to jointly reduce the pressure of the surrounding rock of the adjacent dynamic pressure roadway.Thirdly,Compared with no roof cutting,the average vertical stress on the side of the coal pillar is reduced by 14.8%,8.9%and 29.7%respectively after three different roof cutting methods,such as shallow hole blasting,deep hole blasting and deep and shallow hole combination blasting.After roof cutting by deep and shallow hole combination blasting,the roof collapses more fully in the caving zone,the fracture position of the rock layer in the fracture zone is closest to the coal pillar,and the cracks produced by the overburden in the middle of the goaf are more uniform.Finally,after roof c

关 键 词：多层坚硬顶板 矿压显现规律 切顶卸压 深浅孔组合爆破 顶板结构 

分 类 号：TD322.5[矿业工程—矿井建设]