2018-2022年某县镉和铅多暴露途径的健康风险评估  

Health risk assessment of cadmium and lead in a certain county with multi-pathways from 2018 to 2022

作　　者：王苏玮 刘毅刚[1] 安玉琴[1] 袁树华[1] 郝海燕[1] 丁婷婷 WANG Suwei;LIU Yigang;AN Yuqin;YUAN Shuhua;HAO Haiyan;DING Tingting(Environmental Health Monitoring and Evaluation Institute,Hebei Province Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Shijiazhuang 050021,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省疾病预防控制中心环境卫生监测与评价所,河北石家庄050021

出　　处：《山东大学学报（医学版）》2024年第7期106-113,共8页Journal of Shandong University:Health Sciences

基　　金：2021年河北省医学科学研究重点课题计划项目(20210098)。

摘　　要：目的评估某县大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)、饮用水、土壤中镉和铅的人群健康风险。方法收集2018—2022年某县大气PM2.5、饮用水、土壤中镉和铅的监测数据,运用环境健康风险评估模型分析镉和铅浓度中位数的致癌风险和慢性非致癌风险。分析不同暴露途径占比情况和不同年份结果的变化。结果镉和铅的致癌风险为8.02×10^(-7)、2.50×10^(-7),均小于1×10^(-6),处于可接受水平。镉和铅慢性非致癌风险为6.95×10^(-2)、1.09×10^(-2),危害系数均小于1,不会造成显著损害。不同暴露途径的致癌风险对比,镉、铅为大气PM2.5吸入途径占比最高。不同途径的慢性非致癌风险对比,镉为大气PM2.5吸入途径占比最高,铅为饮用水经口摄入途径占比最高。2022年镉和铅致癌风险和慢性非致癌风险均比2018年有所下降。结论2018—2022年某县镉、铅的健康风险处于可接受水平,不同途径的健康风险对比中,空气PM2.5吸入途径占比最高,应加强当地大气PM2.5监测与污染管理。Objective To evaluate the health risks of cadmium and lead in air fine particulate(PM2.5),drinking water,and soil of a certain county.Methods The monitoring data of cadmium and lead in the air PM2.5,drinking water,and soil of a certain county from 2018 to 2022 were collected.The environmental health risk assessment model was applied to evaluate both carcinogenic risk and chronic non-carcinogenic risk caused by median concentration of cadmium and lead.The proportion of different exposure routes and the change of results in different years were analyzed.Results The carcinogenic risk values were 8.02×10^(-7) for cadmium,and 2.50×10^(-7) for lead,which were less than 1×10^(-6) and at an acceptable level.The chronic non-carcinogenic risk values were 6.95×10^(-2) for cadmium,and 1.09×10^(-2) for lead.The hazard coefficients were less than 1 and had no significant harm.The comparison of carcinogenic risks through different pathways showed that cadmium and lead had the highest proportion of PM2.5 inhalation in the air.The comparison of chronic non-carcinogenic risks through different pathways showed that cadmium had the highest proportion of inhalation pathways in air PM2.5,while lead had the highest proportion of oral intake pathways in water.The carcinogenic and chronic non-carcinogenic risks of cadmium and lead were both lower in 2022 than in 2018.Conclusion From 2018 to 2022,the chronic non-carcinogenic risks and carcinogenic risks of cadmium and lead were at an acceptable level in the county.The proportion of PM2.5 inhalation route was the highest in the comparison of health risk of different routes,so the monitoring and pollution management of PM2.5 should be strengthened.

关 键 词：镉 铅 健康风险评估 大气细颗粒物 饮用水 土壤 多暴露途径 

分 类 号：R12[医药卫生—环境卫生学]