福建省地名形成的控制性因素——兼论新修地名志的用字原则  

Controlling Factors in the Formation of Fujian Province Place Names-Also on the Wording Principles of Newly Compiled Local Records

作　　者：李智君 韩菲阳 Li Zhijun;Han Feiyang

机构地区：[1]厦门大学历史与文化遗产学院

出　　处：《中国地方志》2024年第4期105-116,M0006,M0007,共14页China Local Records

基　　金：国家社会科学重大项目“《中国历史海洋地图集》编绘研究”(项目批准号:21&ZD222)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：受武夷山脉和闽中山地的双重阻隔,不仅闽语中保留大量中古音,福建地名中也遗留很多中原地区已消失的通名、专名用字以及命名规律,甚至还保留一小部分闽越原住民的地名用字。在福建地名发展历程中,福建地名主要受政治、军事、地理以及移民4个因素影响。其中高层政区、统县政区和县级政区的地名主要受政治影响,体现中原王朝对闽地控制与教化的意愿。历代的军事据点以及驿递道路附近居民点的命名则主要受军事因素影响。中唐以后,地理景观,尤其是地貌和水系,成为影响福建各级地名的重要因素。同时,闽地民众成规模的移民行为,也是福建本土地名多元化和福建特色地名向域外传播的主要控制性因素。基于对地名命名控制性因素的分析,尝试建立新修地名志用字的一般原则。Separated by both the Wuyi Mountains and the Central Min mountainous region,not only the Min language retains many ancient Chinese pronunciations,Fujian place names but also are left with many general names,special names with particular characters,and naming principles that have disappeared in the Central Plains region.Even a small amount characters of place names used by the aborigines of Min and Yue are kept today.In the development process of Fujian place names,Fujian place names were mainly influenced by four factors including politics,military,geography,and immigration.Among these,place names in high-level administrative regions,administrative regions with subordinate counties,and county-level administrative regions were mainly influenced by politics,demonstrating control of dynasties in the Central Plains and their will to cultivate people of the Min region.The naming of military strongholds over the generations and residential areas along the courier routes was mainly influenced by military factors.After the middle of Tang Dynasty,geographical scenery,especially landscapes and water systems became important factors affecting Fujian place names at various levels.Meanwhile,massive immigration of people in the Min region also became the major controlling factor in the pluralism of Fujian local place names and the spread of place names with Fujian features to the outside region.Based on analysis of controlling factors of the naming of place names,this article attempts to establish general principles for wording in newly compiled place names records.

关 键 词：福建 地名 控制性因素 

分 类 号：K29[历史地理—历史学] K928.6[历史地理—中国史]