新疆某自繁自养猪场人、动物和环境中粪肠球菌、屎肠球菌的分离及耐药表型与耐药基因分析  

Analysis of drug resistance phenotypes and drug resistance genes of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faeciumisolates of human-animal-environment sources from a self-breeding pig farm in Xinjiang

作　　者：夏盼盼 吴慧敏 陈万昭 张晨晖 兰佩聪 刘泽鹏 田芮 夏利宁[1,2] XIA Panpan;WU Huimin;CHEN Wanzhao;ZHANG Chenhui;LAN Peicong;LIU Zepeng;TIAN Rui;XIA Lining(College of Veterinary Medicine,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animal,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学动物医学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆草食动物新药研究与创制重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《中国兽医学报》2024年第7期1430-1437,共8页Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金——地区基金资助项目(32360910);自治区重点学科和重点实验室开放课题资助项目(XJCDVMHDRC-S202304)。

摘　　要：为了解新疆猪场中人、猪和环境源粪肠球菌、屎肠球菌的流行情况及其耐药性差异,探明该场耐药基因流行情况和潜在危害,采集该养殖场工作人员粪便、猪肛拭子及环境样品共858份,进行2种肠球菌的分离鉴定,药敏试验,并检测相关耐药基因。结果显示:共分离得到粪肠球菌429株、屎肠球菌222株。不同来源肠球菌种的分布情况不同,猪肛拭子(73.1%,309/423)和人粪便样品(68.4%,26/38)中粪肠球菌分离率较高;环境样品中屎肠球菌(42.3%,168/397)分离率较高。分离自猪源和环境源粪肠球菌及屎肠球菌耐药情况相近,对四环素、多西环素、氟苯尼考和红霉素的耐药率较人源严重,对环丙沙星和左氧氟沙星较为敏感,未检出万古霉素耐药菌株;其中猪源、环境源粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌对利奈唑胺中介率较高,在30.0%以上;粪肠球菌和环境源屎肠球菌以5耐为主,猪源屎肠球菌以6耐为主。耐药基因结果显示,人、动物、环境来源粪肠球菌及屎肠球菌分离株中tet(M)和tet(L)基因检出率均在70.0%以上,与药敏结果相符;此外介导噁唑烷酮类耐药的cfr、optrA及poxtA基因均有不同程度检出,cfr基因仅在5株粪肠球菌和2株屎肠球菌中检出;optrA基因在猪源和环境源中检出率高于人源,检出率高达60.0%以上,猪源和人源屎肠球菌中poxtA基因携带率超过45.0%。上述相近的耐药情况提示人、动物和环境中存在耐药菌相互污染的现象,应从同一个健康的视角考虑,制定全面的消杀方案,阻断耐药菌株及耐药基因在人、动物和环境间的传播途径,规范使用抗菌药物,减少抗菌药物在人、动物和环境中富集,从而降低耐药菌产生的风险。In order to understand the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus faecalis(E.faecalis)and Enterococcus faecium(E.faecium)isolated from human,pig and environment in a Xinjiang pig farm,and to investigate the prevalence and potential harm of antimicrobial resistance genes,858fecal samples from pig farm workers,anal swabs from pig and environment were collected for isolation,identification,antimicrobial susceptibility test and drug resistance gene detection.The results showed that 429strains of E.faecalis and 222strains of E.faecium were isolated.The distribution of Enterococcus species varied among different sources.The isolation rate of E.faecalis was higher in pig anal swabs(73.1%,309/423)and human fecal samples(68.4%,26/38).E.faecium(42.3%,168/397)was mainly isolated from environmental samples.The drug resistance of E.faecalis and E.faeciumisolated from pigs was similar to that of E.faeciumisolated from environment.The drug resistance rates of E.faecalis and E.faeciumisolated from pigs were more serious than those from humans to tetracycline,doxycycline,florfenicol and erythromycin,and they were more sensitive to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin.More than 30.0%of E.faecalis and E.faeciumisolated from pigs and environment were intermediate to linezolid.E.faecalis from three sources and E.faecium from environmental sources were mainly resistant to five drugs,while E.faeciumfrom pigs was mainly resistant to six drugs.The detection rates of tet(M)and tet(L)genes in E.faecalis and E.faeciumisolates from human,animal and environmental sources were more than 70.0%,which was consistent with the results of drug sensitivity.In addition,the cfr,optrA and poxtAgenes that mediate oxazolidinone resistance were detected to varying extent.The cfr gene was only detected in four E.faecalis isolates from swine,one E.faecalis isolate from environment and two E.faeciumisolates from environment.The positive rate of optrA gene in E.faeciumisolated from pigs and environment was higher than that from humans,and the positi

关 键 词：粪肠球菌 屎肠球菌 人、动物和环境 耐药性 耐药基因 

分 类 号：S852.61[农业科学—基础兽医学]