“都”和“甚至”的超预期义  

On"Higher-than-expectation"Interpretation of Dou and Shenzhi

作　　者：李可胜 LI Kesheng(School of Foreign Languages,Hefei Normal University,Hefei 230061,China)

机构地区：[1]合肥师范学院外国语学院,安徽合肥230061

出　　处：《外国语》2024年第4期39-49,共11页Journal of Foreign Languages

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“‘话语表现理论+组合范畴语法’模式的等级隐涵之形式化研究”(21BZX100)。

摘　　要：在现有文献中,“都”被普遍认为可以表达甚至义,而后者的本质是一种超预期义。但是这面临着两个问题,一是在超预期似乎并不成立的语境中,表达甚至义的“都”也可以使用;二是“都”和“甚至”可以毗连共现,这似乎存在同义反复之嫌。基于选项语义学的分析方法,本文首先将“都/甚至”的超预期义分为三种:焦点超预期义,关联超预期义和复合超预期义。问题一产生的原因在于忽视了不同类型的超预期义。其次本文揭示了“都”的超预期义具有隐涵性而“甚至”的超预期义具有预设性,且“都”和“甚至”有着不同的焦点结构。据此当二者共现时,形成了比较复杂的语义关系。In current literature,one of the well-accepted interpretations of Dou is the even-like interpretation which in essence is the higher-than-expectation(HTE)interpretation.However,there are two problems to be solved.Firstly,the even-like dou can be used in the context in which there is seemingly no HTE;secondly,dou can be used in concordance with shenzhi(a Chinese counterpart of even).If both of them have the same HTE,it will be redundant.Based on the analysis of the alternative semantics,the paper proposes that there are three types of HTE:focused HTE,relevant HTE and compound HTE.It is the ignorance of the different types of HTE that leads to the first problem.Additionally,the paper argues that the HTE triggered by dou is a kind of implicature while that triggered by shenzhi is a kind of presupposition,and that the focus structure of dou is different from that of shenzhi.Therefore,the concordance of dou and shenzhi results in a complicated semantic relationship.

关 键 词：超预期义 量级隐涵 选项语义学 焦点结构 “都”字句 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]