肯定判断句的标记模式、类型特征及其发展  

The Marking Pattern,Typological Features and Development of Affirmative Determinative Sentences

作　　者：何佳 HE Jia(College of Liberal Arts,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学文学院,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《外国语》2024年第4期61-71,共11页Journal of Foreign Languages

基　　金：扬州大学人文社会科学研究基金项目“跨语言视角下的判断表达及其应用研究”(xjj2023-37);国家社科基金项目“汉语语法机制的系统研究”(19BYY028)。

摘　　要：本文在语言类型学的视野下对60种语言进行定量与定性分析,发现了肯定判断句的标记模式及其势力分布,得出相应的优势序列:系动词47>语气标记6>助词2=代词2=代词形态化2>形容词1,其中系动词占据绝对优势地位。从语序类型来看,肯定判断句的语序与语言的常规语序基本和谐,标记通常作用于陈述项。从标记系统的内在关联与发展来看,肯定判断标记之间存在3种协同关系,第三人称代词也有5种特殊表现,可见标记不是孤立的,而是系统的,且标记系统处于变化发展中。This article makes a quantitative and qualitative analysis of 60 languages from the perspective of linguistic typology to discover the marking pattern and power distribution of the affirmative determinative sentence and obtains the corresponding predominance sequence:copula47>mood marker 6>particle 2=pronoun 2=pronominalization 2>adjective 1.It indicates that copula occupies a dominant position.From the perspective of the word order typology,it is found the word order of the affirmative determinative sentence is basically in harmony with the conventional word order of the language,and the markers usually act on the declarative items.From the perspective of the internal correlation and development of the determinative marking system,there are three kinds of alignment or cooperative relations between the affirmative determinative markers,and the third person pronoun also has five special manifestations,which indicates that the markers are not isolated,but systematic,and the marking system is in the process of change and development.

关 键 词：肯定判断句 标记模式 系动词 语序 

分 类 号：H043[语言文字—语言学]