对同盟几个问题的释论——一种历史视角  

An Interpretation and Analysis of Several Problems of Alliance——A Historical Perspective

作　　者：汪诗明[1] 王玥[1] WANG Shiming;WANG Yue(School of Politics and International Relations,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学政治与国际关系学院,上海200062

出　　处：《安徽史学》2024年第5期80-90,共11页Historical Research In Anhui

基　　金：中国海洋发展基金会委托课题“印太战略框架下美国政府南太政策新动向及我对策研究”(CODF-AOC202308)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：缔结同盟不只是一个历史存在,也是一个现代现象。不同时期出现的同盟尽管类型殊异,但很多时候都是地区乃至世界和平与秩序的破坏者以及麻烦制造者。缔结同盟的主要动因既有大国或强国追求霸权以及分担称霸成本的谋算,也有中小国家寻求安全庇护以及相关方共同应对安全威胁的考量;缔结同盟的基础包括共同的意识形态、地缘政治联结、对外援助以及文明或文化认同;同盟的类型因结盟的条件或环境、动机或目的以及同盟的架构等不同而呈现多样形态;同盟的机制既有正式的也有非正式的,可分为协商型和强加型两种,是同盟有效运作的保障要素之一。在和平与发展已成为时代主题的背景下,结盟不仅不会带来和平与安全,反而会增加地缘政治对抗的风险。The formation of alliances is not only a historical existence,but also a modern one.Although the types of alliances that appear in different periods are different,in many cases they are destroyers of regional and world peace and order,and troublemakers.The main motivations for forming alliances include the attempt of big or strong states to seek hegemony and share the costs of seeking hegemony,the consideration of small and medium-sized states to seek security protection and the joint response of relevant states to security threats.Alliances are formed on the basis of shared ideology,geopolitical ties,foreign assistance,and identity of civilization or culture;the types of alliances vary according to the conditions or circumstances of the alliances,motives or purposes,and the structure of the alliances;the mechanism of alliances are both formal and informal,which can be divided into two types:negotiation and imposition,which is one of the guarantee elements for the effective operation of alliance.Under the backdrop that peace and development have become the theme of the times,the formation of alliances will not bring peace and security,but instead increase the risk of geopolitical confrontation.

关 键 词：同盟 地缘政治 文明认同 同盟类型 同盟机制 

分 类 号：K107[历史地理—历史学]