不同海拔共栖物种对中华穿山甲洞穴利用的研究  

Study on the Utilization of Chinese Pangolin Burrows by Symbiotic Species at Different Elevations

作　　者：杜雨梅 窦红亮 孙松 杨锦圳 王镜欣 吴庆明[1] 华彦 DU Yumei;DOU Hongliang;SUN Song;YANG Jinzhen;WANG Jingxin;WU Qingming;HUA Yan(College of Wildlife and Protected Area,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation,Conservation and Utilization,Guangdong Academy of Forestry,Guangzhou 510520,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学野生动物与自然保护地学院,哈尔滨150040 [2]广东省林业科学研究院,广东省森林培育与保护利用重点实验室,广州510520

出　　处：《四川动物》2024年第5期481-489,共9页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：广东省林业科技创新项目(2023KJCX023)。

摘　　要：自然界中许多穴居动物都会建造洞穴,这些洞穴会被其他穴居和非穴居动物广泛使用,不同海拔由于温度和降水等环境特征的变化,可能会影响动物对洞穴的利用模式。2018年12月—2022年2月,应用红外相机对广东省内3个地区的中华穿山甲Manis pentadactyla洞穴进行了监测。通过非加权组平均法将研究地区的海拔划分成低、中、高3组,运用相似性分析和线性模型探究共栖物种对中华穿山甲洞穴的利用模式及其与海拔的关系。结果表明:(1)不同海拔区间共栖物种的洞穴利用率存在显著差异(R=0.098,P=0.001),且与海拔显著正相关(t=2.093,P=0.038);(2)在共栖物种对洞穴的利用行为中,觅食(R=0.113,P=0.002)、探洞(R=0.116,P=0.036)、进出洞行为(R=0.077,P=0.042)占比与海拔均存在显著差异,觅食行为占比与海拔显著正相关(t=2.136,P=0.035),共栖物种在高海拔地区表现出更多的觅食行为。本研究阐明了不同海拔共栖物种对中华穿山甲洞穴的利用模式,明确了中华穿山甲洞穴在较高海拔地区对野生动物的重要性,建议加强对中华穿山甲野外种群的保护。Many cave animals in nature build burrows,which are widely used by other burrowing and non-burrowing ani-mals.The utilization patterns of burrows by animals might be influenced by elevations due to the rapid changes in environ-mental characteristics,such as temperature and precipitation.In this study,infrared cameras were used to monitor the Chi-nese pangolin(Manis pentadactyla)burrows in 3 regions of Guangdong Province from December 2018 to February 2022.The elevations of the study areas were divided into 3 groups by the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means,and the similarity analysis and linear model were used to explore the utilization patterns of symbiotic species in Chinese pangolin burrows and their relationship with elevations.The results showed that:(1)there were significant differences in the utilization rates of Chinese pangolin burrows among symbiotic species at different elevations(R=0.098,P=0.001),and the burrow utilization rates were significantly positively correlated with elevations(t=2.093,P=0.038).(2)Signifi-cant differences were detected in the proportions of the behaviors of foraging(R=0.113,P=0.002),exploring burrows(R=0.116,P=0.036),and entering and exiting burrows(R=0.077,P=0.042)of the symbiotic species among different elevations,and the proportion of foraging behavior was significantly positively correlated with elevations(t=2.136,P=0.035).Moreover,symbiotic species showed more utilization for foraging at high elevation.This study clarifies the utilization pat-terns of Chinese pangolin burrows by symbiotic species at different elevations,reveals the importance of Chinese pangolin burrows to wildlife at a higher elevation,and suggests that protection on wild Chinese pangolin population should be en-hanced.

关 键 词：中华穿山甲 洞穴 共栖物种 利用模式 海拔 

分 类 号：Q959.8[生物学—动物学]