干旱胁迫延迟玉米花丝吐丝的生理特征研究  

Physiological characterization of maize silking delayed by drought stress

作　　者：宋有洪 张婷 黄璇达 杨曼 胡兆玉 朱凡 于怡 王志伟 SONG Youhong;ZHANG Ting;HUANG Xuanda;YANG Man;HU Zhaoyu;ZHU Fan;YU Yi;WANG Zhiwei(School of Agronomy,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036;School of Plant Protection,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036;School of Information and Computer,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学农学院,合肥230036 [2]安徽农业大学植物保护学院,合肥230036 [3]安徽农业大学信息与计算机学院,合肥230036

出　　处：《安徽农业大学学报》2024年第4期557-562,共6页Journal of Anhui Agricultural University

基　　金：安徽省自然科学基金:(2208085MC59);安徽省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(X202210364591)共同资助。

摘　　要：玉米花期干旱是影响花丝能否吐出苞叶的重要因素,决定着授粉受精质量和最终产量。以夏玉米主栽品种安农591(AN591)和中单909(ZD909)为材料,开展花期干旱盆栽试验,通过调查干旱胁迫对花丝形态、穗位叶光合参数、蔗糖代谢及酶的活性等的影响,阐述蔗糖代谢影响花丝吐丝延迟的生理机制。结果表明,干旱胁迫延迟AN591和ZD909花丝的吐丝时间,降低花丝的活力和细胞膨胀程度。此外,两品种穗位叶净光合速率(P_(n))、蒸腾速率(T_(r))和气孔导度(G_(s))的降低幅度均在20%以上,而胞间CO_(2)浓度(C_i)却呈现相反的趋势,表明光合同化物生产能力显著下降。花丝内蔗糖含量明显升高,而葡萄糖和果糖含量显著降低,且蔗糖合成酶和细胞壁酸性转化酶的活性均降低,而液泡转化酶的活性却增加,说明蔗糖代谢为己糖的过程受到严重影响。综上所述,干旱胁迫延迟花丝吐出苞叶的时间,可能由叶片光合性能下降引起的同化物供应不足与花丝分解蔗糖能力下降引起能量减少共同导致的,且AN591花丝受干旱胁迫影响的程度小于ZD909。Whether maize silk,which can extrude the husk under drought stress,is an important factor affecting pollination and fertilization,which determines the number of kernels,and final yield.In this research,two summer maize varieties i.e.Annong 591(AN591)and Zhongdan 909(ZD909),were used as materials to conduct a drought pot experiment at the flowering stage.The physiological mechanism of sucrose metabolism involved in the drought-tolerant elongation of the silk was investigated by examining the effects of drought stress on the morphology of the silk,the sucrose metabolism,the enzyme activities and the photosynthetic parameters of the leaves at the spike position.The results showed that under drought stress,the silking time of AN591 and ZD909 was delayed,and the cell expansion and vigor of the silk decreased significantly.In addition,the net photosynthetic rate(P_(n)),transpiration rate(Tr)and stomatal conductance(G_(s))of the spike leaves of both varieties decreased by more than 20%,while the interstitial CO_(2)concentration(C_(i))showed the opposite trend,indicating that the production capacity of photosynthetically assimilated compounds decreased significantly.The content of sucrose in silk was significantly increased,while the contents of glucose and fructose were significantly decreased,and the activities of sucrose synthase and cell wall acid converting enzyme were decreased,indicating that the degradation of sucrose into hexose was severely compromised.In summary,drought stress delayed silking time,which may be caused by the combination of insufficient assimilate supply due to the decline in leaf photosynthetic performance and the decrease in the ability to decompose sucrose,and the silk of AN591 was less affected by drought stress than that of ZD909.

关 键 词：玉米花丝 花期干旱 吐丝延迟 蔗糖代谢 

分 类 号：S513.01[农业科学—作物学]