基于宏基因组学技术揭示祁连地区藏羊胃肠道菌群的多样性  

Diversity of the gastrointestinal flora of Tibetan sheep in Qilian region revealed by macrogenomics-based technology

作　　者：龚紫凤 冶贵生[1,2] 徐淑琴 贺曦 贺晓龙 GONG Zifeng;YE Guisheng;XU Shuqin;HE Xi;HE Xiaolong(College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xining 810016;Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Diagnosis for Animal Diseases and Green Technical Research for Prevention and Control,Xining 810016)

机构地区：[1]青海大学农牧学院,西宁810016 [2]青海省动物疾病病原诊断与绿色防控技术研究重点实验室,西宁810016

出　　处：《安徽农业大学学报》2024年第4期615-621,共7页Journal of Anhui Agricultural University

基　　金：青海省科技厅项目(2022-NK-118)资助。

摘　　要：为研究高寒地区藏羊胃肠道菌群的特点,利用宏基因组测序技术分析青海省祁连县藏羊胃肠道微生物的组成及其多样性,对该地区藏羊肠道菌群进行了细菌多样性、丰度及功能注释的检测。结果表明:在古生菌门水平上QL地区藏羊胃肠道的优势菌门为Euryarchaeota,在属水平的优势菌属为Methanobrevibacter;在细菌门水平上,QL地区藏羊瘤胃的优势菌门为Bacteroidetes,而肠道的优势菌门均为Firmicutes,属水平上,QL地区藏羊瘤胃的优势菌属为Prevotella,回肠优势菌属为Clostridium,盲肠优势菌属为Bacteroides;在真菌门水平上,QL地区藏羊胃肠道的优势菌门为Ascomycota,在属水平上瘤胃的优势菌属为Mucor,回肠优势菌属为Paraphaeosphaeria,盲肠优势菌属为Colletotrichum。在CAZyme、eggNOG、KEGG分析中,发现肠道微生物代谢功能富集主要在糖苷水解酶、碳水化合物运输与代谢、氨基酸运输与代谢、核苷酸代谢等;在CARD的抗性基因分析中,QL藏羊胃肠道在Bifidobacterium注释到的基因丰度最多,其次为Nocardia、MexF。上述结果将为进一步研究高海拔高寒地区反刍动物肠道微生物的作用机理奠定基础。In order to investigate the characteristics of gastrointestinal flora of Tibetan sheep in alpine regions,this study analyzed the diversity of gastrointestinal microorganisms of Tibetan sheep in Qilian country,Qinghai Province,by macro-genome sequencing technology.The results showed that the dominant phylum in the gastrointestinal tract of Tibetan sheep in the QL region was Euryarchaeota at the level of Archaea,and the dominant genus at the level of genera was Methanobrevibacter.At the bacterial phylum level,the dominant phylum in the rumen of Tibetan sheep in the QL region was Bacteroidetes,while the dominant phylum in the intestinal tract was Firmicutes in all cases,and at the genus level,the dominant genus in the rumen of Tibetan sheep in the QL region was Prevotella,the dominant genus in the ileum was Clostridium,and the dominant genus in the cecum was Bacteroides.At the fungal phylum level,the dominant phylum in the gastrointestinal tract of Tibetan sheep in the QL region was Ascomycota,and at the genus level,the dominant phylum in the rumen was Mucor,the dominant phylum in the ileum was Paraphaeosphaeria,and the dominant phylum in the cecum was Mucor.In the CAZyme,eggNOG,and KEGG analyses,the metabolic functions of intestinal microorganisms were found to be enriched mainly in the following areas,such as glycoside hydrolases,carbohydrate transport and metabolism,amino acid transport and metabolism,and nucleotide metabolism.Additionally,resistance gene profiling via CARD analysis demonstrated that the gastrointestinal tract of QL Tibetan sheep exhibited the highest abundance of genes annotated in Bifidobacterium,followed by Nocardia and MexF.These comprehensive findings provide a foundation for further research on the mechanism of action of gut microorganisms of ruminants in high altitude and high alpine regions.

关 键 词：宏基因组 藏羊 胃肠道菌群 高寒 

分 类 号：S858.26[农业科学—临床兽医学]