不同施肥方式与新型肥料匹配对巢湖流域水稻品质、经济效益及氮肥利用率的影响  

Effects of different fertilization methods and new fertilizer matching on rice quality,economic benefits and nitrogen efficiency in Chaohu Lake Basin

作　　者：马丽 张雪儿 张如梦 衡继璇 熊启中 郝杏中 陈骏 喻海峰 王孝忠 柴如山[4] 景建元 罗来超 张卫峰[2] MA Li;ZHANG Xueer;ZHANG Rumeng;HENG Jixuan;XIONG Qizhong;HAO Xingzhong;CHEN Jun;YU Haifeng;WANG Xiaozhong;CHAI Rushan;JING Jianyuan;LUO Laichao;ZHANG Weifeng(College of Resources and Environment,Southwest University/Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin,Southwest University,Chongqing 400716;National Academy of Green Agricultural Development,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083;Research Institute of Green Intelligent Compound Fertilizer,CNSIG Anhui Hongsifang Fertilizer Co.,Ltd.,Hefei 231602;Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Nutrient Utilization/Anhui Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer/Key Laboratory of Jianghuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-restoration,Ministry of Natural Resources/School of Resources and Environment,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036)

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院/西南大学长江经济带农业绿色发展研究中心,重庆400716 [2]中国农业大学国家农业绿色发展研究院,北京100083 [3]中盐安徽红四方肥业股份有限公司绿色智能复合肥研究院,合肥231602 [4]农田生态保育与养分资源高效利用安徽省重点实验室/安徽省绿色磷肥智能制造与高效利用工程研究中心/自然资源部江淮耕地资源保护与生态修复重点实验室/安徽农业大学资源与环境学院,合肥230036

出　　处：《安徽农业大学学报》2024年第4期669-676,共8页Journal of Anhui Agricultural University

基　　金：绿色智能复合肥研究院人员培训服务与巢湖养分管理政策研究项目资助。

摘　　要：为了探明在机插秧同步侧深施肥条件下,不同施肥方式与新型肥料匹配对水稻生产的影响,选用5种不同类型复合(混)肥料,采用大田试验,设置不施肥(CK)、普通复合肥一基两追(T_(1))、水稻配方肥一基两追(T_(2))、增效控失肥一基一追(T_(3))、缓释掺混肥一次性施肥(T_(4))、无机包裹型复合肥一次性施肥(T_(5))6个处理,分析了不同施肥方式与新型肥料匹配对水稻产量、稻米品质、氮肥利用率、经济效益及田面水氮磷流失风险的影响。结果表明:与普通复合肥一基两追处理(T_(1))相比,4种新型肥料处理(T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(4)、T_(5))均显著提高了稻米蛋白质含量,氮肥利用率均提高至50%以上,各处理氮肥利用率分别增加35%、68%、75%和48%,各新型肥料处理同时显著降低了田面水氮素浓度,减少氮素流失风险。其中水稻配方肥一基两追处理相比普通复合肥可显著降低稻米垩白度与垩白粒率,提升稻米外观品质;缓释掺混肥一次性施肥处理可提高水稻产量,相比普通复合肥一基两追处理增产30%,节约生产成本5 442元.hm^(–2),总收益增加12 437元.hm^(–2)。综合来看,在机插秧同步侧深施肥条件下,一次性施肥方式匹配缓释掺混肥的水稻生产方式有利于节约生产成本,增加水稻产量,是提高水稻效益的最佳种植模式。一次性施肥方式匹配缓释掺混肥的水稻种植模式可适用于巢湖流域水稻生产推广,对水稻高效生产具有重要意义,并为巢湖流域水稻绿色高产提供理论依据。In order to explore the influence of different fertilization methods and new fertilizers matching on rice production under the condition of simultaneous deep fertilization of machine transplanting,five distinct types of compound(mixed)fertilizers were selected,and a field experiment was conducted with six treatments:no fertilization (CK), one base and two topdressing of ordinary compound fertilizer (T_(1)), one base and two topdressing of rice formula fertilizer (T_(2)), one base and one topdressing of synergistic controlled-release fertilizer (T_(3)), one-time fertilization of slow-release blended fertilizer (T_(4)), and one-time fertilization of inorganic wrapped compound fertilizer (T_(5)). The effects of different fertilization methods and new fertilizers matching on rice yield, rice quality, nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate, economic benefits and the risk of nitrogen and phosphorus loss on field surface were analyzed. The results showed that compared with one base and two topdressing of ordinary compound fertilizer (T_(1)), the protein content of rice was significantly increased by the four new fertilizer treatments (T_(2), T_(3), T_(4) and T_(5)), the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate was increased to more than 50%, and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of each treatment increased by 35%, 68%, 75% and 48%, respectively. At the same time, the new fertilizer treatments significantly reduced the nitrogen concentration of field water and reduced the risk of nitrogen loss. Compared with ordinary compound fertilizer, rice formula fertilizer could significantly reduce the chalk whiteness and chalk white grain rate of rice, and improve the appearance quality of rice. The one-time fertilization treatment of slow-release blended fertilizer could increase rice yield, which increased the yield by 30% compared with the one-base two topdressing treatment of ordinary compound fertilizer, saved production cost by 5 442 yuan·hm^(–2), and increased the total income by 12 437 yuan·hm^(–2). In general, unde

关 键 词：一次性施肥 新型肥料 水稻品质 经济环境效益 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学] S511[农业科学—农业基础科学]