考虑折返行为的元胞自动机人员疏散模型  

Cellular automata model of personnel evacuation considering backtracking behavior

作　　者：宋英华[1,2] 许如霞 郭晨[1,2] SONG Yinghua;XU Ruxia;GUO Chen(School of Safety Science and Emergency Management,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan Hubei 430070,China;China Research Center for Emergency Management,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan Hubei 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学安全科学与应急管理学院,湖北武汉430070 [2]武汉理工大学中国应急管理研究中心,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《中国安全生产科学技术》2024年第9期39-45,共7页Journal of Safety Science and Technology

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(21&ZD127);国家文化和旅游科技创新工程项目(20211g0085);湖北省社会科学基金项目(HBSK2022YB255)。

摘　　要：为研究行人折返行为对疏散的影响,考虑多出口对行人的吸引力、人员相互作用力、火源蔓延威胁以及折返场吸引力的共同影响,在元胞自动机模型的基础上提出基于静态场、动态场、火源场以及折返场共同作用的行人疏散场域模型,研究不同折返比例、折返区域、人员密度、出口数量和位置情况下折返行为对疏散进程的影响。研究结果表明:少量折返行为对总疏散时间影响较小,而群体性折返行为的存在会增加总体疏散时间,随着折返比例的增加,疏散时间随之增加。折返区域离出口越近,对总体疏散效率的影响越小。折返行为对疏散进程的影响效果,随着人员密度的增加不断增强。在双出口条件下,对侧设置出口位置能有效减少折返行为对疏散进程的负面影响。研究结果可为提高紧急情况下的疏散效率提供参考。In order to study the influence of pedestrian backtracking behavior on evacuation,considering the combined effect of the attraction of multiple exits to pedestrian,the interaction of personnel,the threat of fire spread and the attraction of backtracking field,a floor field model of pedestrian evacuation under the combined action of static field,dynamic field,fire source field and backtracking field was proposed based on the cellular automata model.The influence of backtracking behavior on evacuation process under different backtracking proportions,backtracking areas,personnel densities,exit quantities and locations was studied.The results show that a small amount of backtracking behavior has little effect on the total evacuation time,while the existence of group backtracking behavior increases the overall evacuation time.With the increase of backtracking proportion,the evacuation time also increases.The closer the backtracking area is to the exit,the smaller the influence on the overall evacuation efficiency.The effect of backtracking behavior on evacuation process strengthens continually with the increase of personnel density.Under the condition of dual exits,setting the exits on opposite sides can effectively reduce the negative influence of backtracking behavior on the evacuation process.The research results can provide reference for improving the evacuation efficiency in emergency.

关 键 词：元胞自动机 折返行为 人员疏散 场域模型 疏散效率 

分 类 号：X913[环境科学与工程—安全科学]