久坐及不同运动方案对静态平衡能力的影响  

The Impact of Sedentariness and Different Exercise Programs on Static Balance Ability

作　　者：徐琳 杨刚 王立新 鱼工建 马雁骎 张满忠 王青超 Xu Lin;Yang Gang;Wang Lixin;Yu Gongjian;Ma Yanqin;Zhang Manzhong;Wang Qinchao(Jiangsu Higher Vocational School of Judicial Police,Nanjing 211806,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省司法警官高等职业学校,江苏南京211806

出　　处：《体育科技文献通报》2024年第8期263-266,8,共5页Bulletin of Sport Science & Technology

基　　金：第五期江苏省职业教育教学改革研究课题(项目编号:ZYB502)。

摘　　要：目的:评定久坐以及核心稳定性练习(CSE)、骨骼肌肥大练习(MHE)、无氧间歇练习(AER)和持续性有氧练习(ANA)对平衡能力的影响,为警校学员精准运动训练提供依据。方法:采用文献资料法、实验法、数理统计法等研究方法,随机选择30名健康青年男性受试者分别完成6 h间歇久坐测试和4个不同的运动方案后进行平衡能力测试,并记录运动中的心率(HR)、运动后过量氧耗(EPOC)和运动冲量(TRIMP)。结果:(1)运动负荷方面,相较安静状态,4种运动方案运动后HR、EPOC和TRIMP均显著增加(P<0.05)。其中,AER和ANA运动方案运动后HR和EPOC显著高于CSE和MHE(P<0.05),ANA运动方案运动后TRIMP显著高于其他3种运动方案(P<0.05)。(2)平衡能力方面,与晨测值相比,久坐后的动摇总轨迹长、X轴动摇轨迹长和最大动摇径以及Y轴重心偏移指标显著增加(P<0.05);4种运动方案运动后动摇总轨迹长、X轴轨迹长和Y轴轨迹长均显著增加(P<0.05);与久坐相比,4种运动方案运动后Y轴重心偏移均显著降低(P<0.05)。(3)不同运动方案之间,AER和ANA运动方案运动后除动摇角度和重心偏移指标外,其余指标均显著高于CSE和MHE(P<0.05)。其中,CSE运动方案运动后Y轴轨迹长、Y轴最大动摇径和单位面积轨迹长均显著高于MHE(P<0.05),ANA运动方案运动后动摇总轨迹和Y轴轨迹长较AER运动方案运动后显著增加(P<0.05)。除AER运动方案外,其余运动方案在20 min休息后,平衡能力基本恢复至久坐后的状态。结论:整体上,6 h间歇久坐后,躯干前倾,可对静态平衡能力产生不利的影响;4个常用运动方案均可用于抵消久坐带来的不利影响,但影响幅度存在不同。OBJECTIVE:The study aims to provide a basis for accurate exercise training via evaluating the effects of sedentary life and four kinds of common exercises:core stability exercises(CSE),skeletal muscle hypertrophy exercises(MHE),anaerobic interval exercises(ANA),and continuous aerobic exercises(AER)on balance ability.METHODS:The study employs literature research method,experimentation and mathematical statistics.30 randomly selected healthy young male subjects completed a 6-hour intermittent sedentariness test and four different exercise programs.Then,they underwent a balance test,and their heart rate(HR)in exercise,excess post-exercise oxygen consumption(EPOC)and training impulse(TRIMP)were obtained.RESULTS:(1)Exercise Load:Compared to the resting state,all four exercise protocols led to significant increases in HR,EPOC,and TRIMP(P<0.05).Notably,the AER and ANA protocols resulted in significantly higher HR and EPOC levels than the CSE and MHE protocols(P<0.05).Additionally,TRIMP was significantly higher following the ANA protocol than after the other three protocols(P<0.05).(2)Balance Ability:Compared to the morning measurements,sedentariness resulted in significant increases in total sway path length,X-axis sway path length,maximum sway distance,and Y-axis center of gravity(CoG)deviation(P<0.05).After all four exercise protocols,the total sway path length,X-axis sway path length,and Y-axis sway path length were significantly increased(P<0.05).However,compared to the effects of sedentariness,the Y-axis CoG deviation significantly decreased following all four exercise protocols(P<0.05).(3)Comparison Between Exercise Protocols:After the AER and ANA protocols,all indicators,except for sway angle and CoG deviation,were significantly higher than those observed after the CSE and MHE protocols(P<0.05).Specifically,following the CSE protocol,the Y-axis sway path length,maximum sway distance on the Y-axis,and unit area path length were significantly higher than those observed after the MHE protocol(P<0.05).Moreover,the to

关 键 词：久坐 静态平衡能力 运动方案 重心 

分 类 号：G804.2[文化科学—运动人体科学]