从办理命案到参与新政:清中后期四川的三费局  

From Handling Murder Cases to Participating in the New Policies:The Three-Fee Bureau in Sichuan during the Middle and LateQing Dynasty

作　　者：梁勇[1,2] Liang Yong

机构地区：[1]厦门大学历史与文化遗产学院 [2]厦门大学民间历史文献研究中心,厦门361005

出　　处：《中国经济史研究》2024年第5期89-103,共15页Researches in Chinese Economic History

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大招标项目“‘湖广填四川’移民墓葬碑刻数据库建设及其乡村社会研究”(批准号:17ZDA188)阶段性成果之一。

摘　　要：有清一代,在既有的财政支出体制下,与命案相关的司法行政经费缺乏,引发诸多社会问题,授权士绅征收“三费”成了四川州县官员的解决之道。本文对清代四川三费局创办原因、经费筹集模式与经费来源、运作实态进行详细分析,指出三费局不仅为衙门办案提供经费支持,亦在州县行政运作、清末各项新政事务的办理等方面发挥作用。“三费”在一定程度上弥补了州县行政经费不足,推动了清中后期州县行政中公局体制的形成。During the Qing Dynasty,under the existing financial expenditure system,the lack of judicial and administrative funds related to homicide cases led to many social problems,and the authorized gentry collecting"three-fee"became the solution of officials in Sichuan provinces.This article analyzes in detail the reasons for the establishment of the Three-fee Bureau in Sichuan in the Qing Dynasty,the fund-raising mode and source of funds,and the operational reality.The study believes that the Three-fee Bureau in Sichuan in the Qing Dynasty not only provided financial support for the case handling of the government office,but also played a role in the administrative operation of the counties and cities,and the handling of various new political affairs in the late Qing Dynasty.The collected"three fees"made up for the shortage of administrative funds in the counties and cities to a certain extent,promoted the formation of the public bureau system in the administrative work of the counties and cities in the middle and late Qing Dynasty.

关 键 词：清中后期 三费 三费局 公局体制 巴县档案 

分 类 号：F812.9[经济管理—财政学] K249[历史地理—历史学]