国家治理体系中生态环境损害赔偿的公法解释  

Public Law Interpretation of Compensation for Ecological Environment Damage in the National Governance Perspective

作　　者：陈海嵩[1] Cheng Haisong

机构地区：[1]武汉大学环境法研究所

出　　处：《法商研究》2024年第5期3-17,共15页Studies in Law and Business

基　　金：国家社会科学基金资助项目(22&ZD138)。

摘　　要：现有研究普遍主张以公法模式看待生态环境损害赔偿,这虽然契合该制度的本质内涵,但是并未解决生态环境损害救济领域的融贯性问题。当前生态环境损害赔偿理论学说与司法裁判存在较大距离,制度异化风险也已经浮现。在生态环境损害赔偿制度运行中,行政机关、审判机关、检察机关及监察机关均负有相应的职责,应依据功能适当原则确立各个国家机关所承担的具体任务及制度安排,同时通过强化协作交流形成治理合力。据此可得出整体性的法律解释方案,解决生态环境损害赔偿的疑难问题并完善相应制度。首先,要区分“责任确认”与“责任实现”的不同阶段并弥补制度空白,明确磋商达成的生态环境损害赔偿协议既不是行政协议,也不是民事协议,而是一种特殊的执行和解协议。其次,生态环境损害赔偿磋商和诉讼在效率上相较于环境民事公益诉讼具有优先性,检察机关和符合条件的社会组织提起环境民事公益诉讼具有相同的国家治理功能。Current research views ecological and environmental damage compensation through a public law model,which fits the essence of the institution but fails to address coher-ence issues.Significant gaps exist between theory and judicial rulings,risks of institutional al-ienation have also emerged.Administrative,judicial,prosecutorial,and supervisory organs each have roles in ecological damage compensation.Specific and institutional arrangements for each State organs should be determined on the basis of the functional appropriateness principle,and governance synergies should be developed through enhanced collaboration and communication.Accordingly,a holistic legal approach can be drawn up to solve the difficult problems and im-prove the institution of ecological damage compensation.Firstly,a holistic legal approach distin-guishes between"responsibility confirmation"and"responsibility realization",filling institu-tional gaps and clearing the consultation agreement on ecological damage compensation is neither an administrative or a civil agreement but a special execution and settlement agreement.Second-ly,ecological damage compensation is prioritized over environmental civil public interest litiga-tion for efficiency.Prosecutorial organs and qualified social organizations share governance func-tions in initiating environmental civil public interest litigation.

关 键 词：生态环境损害赔偿 国家治理 国家权力配置 公法解释 

分 类 号：D922.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]