木霉菌防治植物真菌病害的研究进展  

Research Progress on Prevention and Control of Plant Fungal Diseases with Trichoderma

作　　者：王兴娥 赵永田 刘荣 刘善灵 方双燕 韩昕 唐贵福 刘恋 WANG Xing’e;ZHAO Yongtian;LIU Rong;LIU Shanling;FANG Shuangyan;HAN Xin;TANG Guifu;LIU Lian(School of Life Science and Agriculture,Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities,Duyun Guizhou 558000,China;Qiannan Rural Revitalization Information Center,Duyun Guizhou 558000,China)

机构地区：[1]黔南民族师范学院生物科学与农学院,贵州都匀558000 [2]黔南州乡村振兴信息中心,贵州都匀558000

出　　处：《植物医学》2024年第4期11-19,共9页Plant Health and Medicine

基　　金：贵州省高等学校教学内容和课程体系改革项目(2023346);黔南州科技计划(黔南科合[2022]09号);黔南民族师范学院教育质量提升工程(2021xjg018,2022xjg038);黔南民族师范学院高层次人才科研专项(2021qnsyrc07);贵州省大学生创新训练计划项目(S202210670020,S202210670028,S202310670065).

摘　　要：植物真菌病害占植物总病害的70%以上,其寄主广泛、发病形式多样、传播途径多,对作物的产量和品质构成严重威胁,给农业生产带来重大经济损失.生物防治技术因其环境污染小、抗药性风险低、对人畜及天敌安全等优点,成为植物真菌病害绿色防控的关键技术支撑.木霉菌作为一类生物防治菌,具有生长快、抗逆性强、重寄生和分泌抗生物质等特性,尤其在真菌类病害的防治方面得到广泛应用.通过综述具有生防活性的木霉菌的种类、抑菌生防谱以及在植物真菌病害防治中的应用与生防机制,为木霉菌在植物真菌病害领域的进一步研究和应用提供参考.Plant fungal diseases account for over 70%of all plant diseases,they have the characteristics of wide host range,diverse incidence and multiple transmission routes,causing serious economic losses to the yield and quality of crops.Biological control has the advantages of less environmental pollution,less resistance,and safe to humans,animals and natural enemies.It is an important technical support for green prevention and control of plant fungal diseases.Trichoderma has the characteristics of rapid growth,strong stress resistance,hyperparasitism,and secretion of antibiotic substances.It is a crucial biocontrol fungus for preventing and managing plant diseases,particularly in the case of fungal diseases.In this paper,the species of Trichoderma with biocontrol activity,antifungal biocontrol spectrum,application in control of plant fungal diseases and biocontrol mechanism were reviewed,which provided a reference for the further research and application of Trichoderma in the field of plant fungal diseases.

关 键 词：木霉菌 生防活性 竞争作用 重寄生作用 抗生活性 诱导抗性 

分 类 号：S432.3[农业科学—植物病理学]