牙璋源于雷神祭器说  

The Origin of the Yazhang from the Perspective of a Thunder God's Ritual Utensil

作　　者：宋亦箫[1] 宋博文 Song Yixiao;SONG Bowen

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学历史文化学院,湖北武汉430079 [2]南京师范大学社会发展学院,江苏南京210024

出　　处：《艺术探索》2024年第4期59-67,共9页Arts Exploration

基　　金：2019年度国家社科基金冷门绝学研究专项“早期外来文化与中华文明起源研究”(19VJX039)。

摘　　要：牙璋是新石器时代晚期至青铜时代流行于东亚大陆的玉石礼器,它以农具铲、耜为原型,是祭祀雷神以祈雨的祭器。周代衍生出“起军旅”“治兵守”“玉节之符”等军事功能。牙璋得名之“章”,上部为“辛”,是雷神的锤斧之象征,下部为甲字形的柱鼓,仍然是雷神之象征。以“章”为偏旁的漳、樟、獐等字,均与雷神信仰相关。流行于大汶口文化的獐牙勾形器和獐牙随葬,也是雷神信仰的表现形式之一。Yazhang,a jade ritual utensil popular in the East Asian mainland from the late Neolithic Age to the Bronze Age for over a thousand years,is based on the prototype of agricultural implements such as shovels and plows,and serves as a ritual utensil for worshiping the Thunder God to pray for rain.During the Zhou dynasty,it evolved to have military functions such as"marching troops,""managing military defense,"and"jade symbols."The name"Zhang"of Yazhang,with the upper part being"xin,"symbolizes the hammer and axe of the Thunder God,and the lower part resembling a column drum,also remains a symbol of the Thunder God.Characters with"Zhang"as a radical,such as Zhang(璋),Camphor(樟),and Roe Deer(獐),are all related to the belief in the Thunder God.The roe deer tooth hook-shaped instruments and the burial accompaniment of roe deer teeth popular in the Dawenkou culture are also one of the expressions of the belief in the Thunder God.

关 键 词：牙璋 雷神 漳 樟 獐 

分 类 号：B933[哲学宗教—宗教学] K875.2[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]