抢派结合模式下外卖配送问题研究  

Research on takeout distribution based on combination mode of orderdispatching and grabbing

作　　者：冯爱兰[1] 周映雪 龚艳茹[3] 杨乐昌 FENG Ai-lan;ZHOU Ying-xue;GONG Yan-ru;YANG Le-chang(School of Mechanical Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Mechanical Development Technology Co.,Ltd,China General Academy of Mechanical Sciences Group,Beijing 100044,China;Department of Intelligent Manufacturing,Tianjin College of University of Science and Technology Beijing,Tianjin 301830,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学机械工程学院,北京100083 [2]中国机械科学研究总院集团机科发展科技股份有限公司,北京100044 [3]北京科技大学天津学院智能制造学院,天津301830

出　　处：《控制与决策》2024年第9期3135-3142,共8页Control and Decision

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52005032)。

摘　　要：目前,外卖平台持续地提升顾客服务质量和降低成本,忽视了骑手的权益保障.针对骑手困境,引入骑手奖惩激励机制,建立以平台成本、顾客满意度和骑手激励收益为目标的外卖订单分配模型.基于抢派结合的订单分配模式,考虑配送顺路程度、配送距离和配送能力,构造效用函数来描述骑手自主抢单对订单的偏好及匹配度,利用Logit离散选择模型实现骑手实时抢单决策;并设计自适应变邻域搜索算法,实现平台派单分配和骑手路径优化.算例实验表明,与派单模式相比,抢派结合模式下配送方案能有效降低配送成本,提高顾客满意度和骑手收益.研究结果拓展了外卖订单分配模式等理论研究,可为外卖行业健康发展提供一定的参考.The takeout platform continues to improve the quality of customer services and reduce costs while ignoring the interests of riders.Considering the dilemma of riders,the incentive mechanism of reward and punishment is introduced,and the takeout order allocation model is established with the platform cost,customer satisfaction and rider incentive income as the objective.Based on the order allocation mode of combination of dispatching and grabbing,considering the convenience,distance and capability,the utility function is constructed to describe the preference and matching degree when grabbing order autonomously,and the Logit discrete selection model is used to simulate order grabbing behavior.The adaptive variable neighborhood search algorithm is designed to implement the platform dispatch allocation and path optimization.The experimental results show that the delivery scheme based on the order allocation mode of order-dispatching and grabbing effectively reduces the overall distribution cost,improve customer satisfaction and rider revenue compared with the mode of order-dispatching.The research results extend the theoretical research on the takeout order allocation mode,and provide reference for the benign development of takeout industry.

关 键 词：抢派结合 外卖配送 奖惩激励机制 自适应变邻域搜索 实时抢单 效用函数 

分 类 号：U121[交通运输工程] F252[经济管理—国民经济]