有色金属矿中伴生金银选矿进展  

Research progress in the mineral processing of associated gold and silver in nonferrous metal mines

作　　者：敖顺福 AO Shunfu(Yunnan Chihong Zn&Ge Co.Ltd.,Qujing 655011,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]云南驰宏锌锗股份有限公司,云南曲靖655011

出　　处：《贵金属》2024年第3期83-92,101,共11页Precious Metals

摘　　要：有色金属矿中伴生的金主要以独立矿物形式存在,银主要以独立矿物、类质同象形式存在,金、银矿物种类繁多,载体矿物分散,且金、银独立矿物嵌布特征及选矿回收工艺条件与主金属矿物存在差异。提高磨矿细度有助于金、银矿物的单体解离,尤其是使硫化铁矿物、硫化砷矿物及脉石矿物中的金、银独立矿物充分单体解离,是提高有色金属矿中伴生金、银选矿回收率的关键。针对不同的矿石性质,以主金属矿物为主且兼顾伴生金、银独立矿物,采用合适的浮选工艺、浮选-重选联合工艺、选矿-冶炼联合工艺有助于提高有色金属矿中伴生金、银的回收利用率。浮选是有色金属矿选别分离的主要工艺,针对铜、铅主金属矿物采用优先浮选、部分混合优先浮选、异步浮选工艺流程,使用组合捕收剂、新型高效捕收剂配合低碱、无氰调整剂,合理选择使用闪速浮选机、浮选柱等与常规浮选机联合使用,有益于强化伴生金、银的选矿回收。In nonferrous metal mines,the associated gold and silver mainly exist,respectively,in the form of independent minerals and in the form of independent minerals or isomorphism.There are various types of gold and silver minerals,and the carrier minerals are also dispersed.Moreover,the embedding characteristics of gold and silver in independent minerals are different,accordingly beneficiation and recovery process conditions are different from those used for the main metal minerals.Improving the fineness of grinding helps to dissociate monomers of the gold and silver minerals,especially to fully dissociate the independent gold and silver minerals from iron sulfide minerals or arsenic sulfide minerals or gangue minerals.Therefore,grinding is the key process to improving the recovery rate of accompanying gold and silver in nonferrous metal mines.For different ore properties,the main metal mineral is used to balance the associated gold and silver minerals.Adopting appropriate flotation processes,flotation-gravity separation combined processes,and beneficiation-smelting combined processes can help increase the recovery rate of associated gold and silver.Flotation is the main process for the separation of nonferrous metal ores.For copper and lead main metal minerals,several floating techniques are exploited,including preferential flotation,partial bulk preferential flotation,and asynchronous flotation.During flotation,combined collectors and new high-efficiency collectors are used in the combination with low alkalinity and non-cyanide regulators.Selecting proper equipment,such as flash flotation machines or flotation columns,is beneficial for strengthening the recovery and utilization of associated gold and silver.

关 键 词：有色金属矿 伴生金银 选矿 

分 类 号：TF952[冶金工程]