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作 者:王运敏[1,2,3] 李刚 刘建国[1,4,5] 金龙哲 WANG Yunmin;LI Gang;LIU Jianguo;JIN Longzhe(State Key Laboratory of Safety and Health for Metal Mines,Maanshan 243000,China;Sinosteel Maanshan General Institute of Mining Research Co.,Ltd.,Maanshan 243000,China;Huawei National Engineering Research Center of High Efficiency Cyclic Utilization of Metallic Mineral Resources Co.,Ltd.,Maanshan 243000,China;Research Institute of Macro-Safety Science,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;NHC Key Laboratory for Engineering Control of Dust Hazard,Beijing 100083,China)
机构地区:[1]金属矿山安全与健康国家重点实验室,安徽马鞍山243000 [2]中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究总院股份有限公司,安徽马鞍山243000 [3]华唯金属矿产资源高效循环利用国家工程研究中心有限公司,安徽马鞍山243000 [4]北京科技大学大安全科学研究院,北京100083 [5]国家卫生健康委粉尘危害工程防护重点实验室,北京100083
出 处:《金属矿山》2024年第9期1-12,共12页Metal Mine
基 金:“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(编号:2022YFC2904104,2022YFC2903901);国家卫健委粉尘危害工程防护重点实验室开放课题(编号:KLECDH2023020101);金属矿山安全与健康国家重点实验室开放基金项目(编号:2022-JSKSSYS-02)。
摘 要:矿业是现代工业的粮食,在国民经济发展中发挥着不可替代的作用,但采矿过程伴随众多职业危害因素,给工人职业健康与安全造成极大影响。采用文献查阅、现场调研、访谈交流等方法,并基于团队已有研究积累,对新中国成立以来我国非煤矿山职业健康防控技术研究现状进行了综述,并分析了当前面临的主要挑战。结果表明:我国非煤矿山职业危害主要涉及粉尘、噪声、高温等7类因素,存在“点多、面广、源强”的显著特点,防治难度大;在7类职业危害因素中,粉尘危害最为突出,且爆破粉尘、强疏水性微细粉尘、井下喷浆粉尘与高寒、低气压、超大规模开采粉尘防治是目前面临的主要挑战。在上述分析的基础上,指出我国非煤矿山职业健康防护技术未来发展方向为健全非煤矿山职业危害监管体系、强化职业危害控制科技创新与实践、推行职业危害防控专业化社会服务、坚持职业危害个性化与综合防治、探索职业危害智能化防治技术,逐步形成以监管落实为驱动、科技创新为抓手、社会服务为目标的科学发展模式,切实提高非煤矿山职业危害因素防治效果,保障工人职业健康与安全。Mining is the lifeblood of modern industry,playing an irreplaceable role in the development of the national economy.However,the mining process is accompanied by numerous occupational hazards that have a significant impact on the occupational health and safety of workers.This article reviews the status of occupational health prevention and control technologies in non-coal mines in China since the founding of the nation.The research used literature review,on-site investigations,and interviews,building on existing research,and analyzed current challenges in the field.The results indicate that the main occupational hazards in non-coal mines in China involve seven factors,including dust,noise and high temperature,characterized by a significant presence,wide coverage,and strong sources,making prevention and control challenging.Among these factors,dust hazards are the most prominent,with challenges such as blasting dust,highly hydrophobic fine dust,underground slurry dust,as well as dust control in high altitude,low-pressure,and large-scale mining environments.Based on the analysis above,the future direction of occupational health protection technology in non-coal mines in China is outlined.This includes enhancing the regulatory system for occupational hazard monitoring in non-coal mines,strengthening technological innovation and practical application,promoting specialized social services for occupational hazard prevention and control,advocating for personalized and comprehensive approaches to occupational hazard prevention,and exploring intelligent technologies.The aim is to gradually establish a scientific development model driven by regulatory compliance,focused on technological innovation,and aimed at social service,effectively improving the prevention and control of occupational hazards in non-coal mines to ensure the occupational health and safety of workers.
分 类 号:TD714[矿业工程—矿井通风与安全]
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