大型露天矿山深孔台阶爆破振动特征与安全控制  

Characteristics Analysis and Safety Control of Deep-hole Bench Blasting Vibration in Large Open-pit Mine

作　　者：张文涛 汪海波[1] 高朋飞[1,2] 王梦想 程兵[1] 宗琦 ZHANG Wentao;WANG Haibo;GAO Pengfei;WANG Mengxiang;CHENG Bing;ZONG Qi(School of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan 232001,China;Anhui Jiangnan Blasting Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Xuancheng 242300,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽理工大学土木建筑学院,安徽淮南232001 [2]安徽江南爆破工程有限公司,安徽宣城242300

出　　处：《金属矿山》2024年第9期151-160,共10页Metal Mine

基　　金：安徽省爆破器材与技术工程实验室开放基金重点项目(编号:AHBP2022A-02);安徽理工大学专利转化培育项目(编号:ZL201908)。

摘　　要：为了减少采场附属设施受爆破振动效应的不利影响,对长九露天建材矿爆区进行了爆破振动监测。通过回归分析、小波包分析对采场爆破振动传播规律及能量分布特征进行了研究,使用考虑概率的改进萨道夫斯基公式对安全药量进行了推算。结果表明:三方向峰值振动速度中水平径向和垂向较大,水平切向较小。峰值振动速度总体上与最大单段药量成正比,与爆心距成反比。现场多数测点爆破振动的主频为20 Hz以下的低频。由于采用微差延时起爆,段药量和微差间隔时间是影响峰值振动速度关键因素;通过回归拟合建立了符合现场地质、地貌和爆破条件的爆破振动传播数学模型,其中垂向振动传播的方向性最明晰;采场爆破振动的能量分布在200 Hz以内,且主要集中在90 Hz以下,随着最大单段药量和爆心距增大,主振频带的带宽减小并向低频端移动,低频带能量占比增大;增加雷管段数在爆破近区减振效果不佳,在爆破远区减振效果明显。通过实测数据对比,使用考虑概率的改进萨道夫斯基公式推算的安全药量相较于传统萨道夫斯基公式能更好地控制超出安全振动速度限值的小概率事件发生,有效提高溜井在爆破施工过程中被保护的概率,对控制爆破参数设计有一定的参考意义。In order to reduce the adverse effects of the quarry appurtenances by the blasting vibration effect,the blasting vibration monitoring was carried out in the blasbing area of Changjiu open-pit building materials mine.The propagation law and energy distribution characteristics of the blasting vibration in the quarry were studied by regression analysis and wavelet packet analysis,and the safety charge was calculated using the improved Sadowski formula considering probability.The results show that the peak vibration velocity in the three directions is larger in the horizontal radial and vertical directions and smaller in the horizontal tangential direction.The peak vibration velocity is generally proportional to the maximum single-part charge and inversely proportional to the center-of-explosion(COE)distance.Most of the blasting vibration at the site of the main frequency of the blasting vibration for the low frequency of 20 Hz or less.Due to the use of differential delayed detonation,the section charge and differential interval time are key factors affecting the peak vibration speed.Through regression fitting to establish a mathematical model of blasting vibration propagation in line with the site geology,geomorphology and blasting conditions,in which the vertical vibration propagation of the most clear directionality.Quarrying blasting vibration energy distribution within 200 Hz,and mainly concentrated in the 90 Hz below,with the increase of the maximum single-segment charge and blast center distance,the bandwidth of the main vibration band decreases and moves to the low-frequency end,and the proportion of energy in the low-frequency band increases.The effect of increasing the number of detonator segments is not good in the near area of blasting,but obvious in the far area of blasting.By comparing the measured data,using the improved Sadowski formula considering probability to calculate the safe charge can better control the occurrence of small probability events exceeding the safe vibration velocity limit than the

关 键 词：深孔台阶爆破 回归分析 小波包分析 概率公式 溜井保护 安全药量 

分 类 号：TD235[矿业工程—矿井建设]