我国闭坑煤矿矿井水水质演化研究进展与展望  

Research progress and prospects on the water quality evolution of closed coal mine water in China

作　　者：张海涛[1,2] 许光泉 陈晓晴[1] 李旭[1,2] 翟晓荣[1] 李洋 李子璇[1] ZHANG Haitao;XU Guangquan;CHEN Xiaoqing;LI Xu;ZHAI Xiaorong;LI Yang;LI Zixuan(School of Earth and Environment,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan 232001,China;State Key Laboratory of Groundwater Protection and Utilization by Coal Mining,National Energy Group,Beijing 102209,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽理工大学地球与环境学院,安徽淮南232001 [2]国家能源集团煤炭开采水资源保护与利用国家重点实验室,北京102209

出　　处：《煤炭学报》2024年第9期3944-3959,共16页Journal of China Coal Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(42272281);国家自然科学基金青年基金资助项目(42102293);煤炭开采水资源保护与利用国家重点实验室2020年开放基金资助项目(GJNY-20-113-10)。

摘　　要：随着我国煤矿矿井关闭数量的逐渐增加,闭坑矿井水水质恶化和污染问题日益突出,准确掌握闭坑矿井水水质演化规律及机制,是目前闭坑矿山可持续绿色发展的重大科学难题,也是地下水污染有效防控和水资源合理开发利用的重要前提。在回顾关闭矿井发展历史的基础上,首先阐述了我国关闭矿井的分布情况,之后分别对闭坑矿井水水质特征、水质演化规律及水质演化的多场作用等方面展开综述,最后对我国闭坑矿井水水质研究中存在的关键问题和应用方向进行了展望。研究结果表明:①截至2023年底,我国关闭矿井的数量已经上升到13000多个,主要分布在山西、河南、河北、山东、江苏和安徽北部等地区;②我国部分闭坑矿井水的pH、矿化度、硫酸盐、氟化物和铁锰重金属等水质指标含量超过Ⅲ类水标准,其中酸性矿井水(pH<6.5)主要分布在云贵、鲁西、山西等地区,高矿化度矿井水(TDS>1000 mg/L)主要分布在鲁西、山西、河南、两淮、蒙东、宁东、新疆等地区,硫酸盐矿井水(硫酸盐质量浓度>250 mg/L)主要分布在云贵、鲁西、山西、蒙东、宁东、神东、新疆哈密等地区,氟化物矿井水(F质量浓度>1.0 mg/L)主要分布在两淮、山西、神东等地区,铁锰重金属矿井水(Fe质量浓度>0.3 mg/L、Mn质量浓度>0.1 mg/L)主要分布在云贵、鲁西、山西、蒙东等地区。③在闭坑矿井被完全淹没之前,其水质在空间上会出现明显的分层现象,即浅部的优质水层、中部的过渡水层和深部的劣质水层,这主要与矿井采掘空间分布、地温梯度和盐度等因素有关。④煤矿关闭后,矿井水水质的演变过程大致可分为3个阶段,第Ⅰ阶段为矿井水中典型污染物(硫酸盐和铁离子)质量浓度快速上升达并到峰值阶段,第Ⅱ阶段为污染物浓度快速下降阶段,第Ⅲ阶段为矿井水水质与邻近含水层地下水水质背景值相同并With the gradual increase in the number of closed coal mines in China,the deterioration and pollution of water quality in closed coal mines are becoming increasingly prominent.Accurately understanding the evolution laws and mechanisms of water quality in closed coal mines is a major scientific challenge for the sustainable and green development of closed coal mines,as well as an important prerequisite for effective prevention and control of groundwater pollution and rational development and utilization of water resources.Based on the review of the development history of closed coal mines,this paper first elaborated on the distribution of closed coal mines in China.Then,a review was conducted on the water quality characteristics,water quality evolution laws,and the multiple field effects of water quality evolution of closed mine water in China.Finally,the key issues and application directions in the research of closed mine water quality in China were prospected.The research results indicate that:①as of the end of 2023,the number of closed coal mines in China has increased to 13000,mainly distributed in the areas such as Shanxi,Henan,Hebei,Shandong,Jiangsu,and northern Anhui.②The pH,mineralization degree,sulfate,fluoride,and iron manganese heavy metal content of some closed mine water in China exceed the Class III water standard.Among them,the acidic mine water(pH<6.5)is mainly distributed in Yungui,Luxi,Shanxi and other regions;the high mineralization mine water(TDS>1000 mg/L)is mainly distributed in Luxi,Shanxi,Henan,Huaihe,Inner Mongolia,Ningdong,Xinjiang and other regions;the sulfate mine water(sulfate concentration>250 mg/L)is mainly distributed in Yungui,Luxi,Shanxi,Inner Mongolia,Ningdong,Shendong,Xinjiang Hami and other regions;the fluoride mine water(F content>1.0 mg/L)is mainly distributed in the Huaihe River,Shanxi,Shendong and other regions;and the iron and manganese heavy metal mine water(Fe content>0.3 mg/L,Mn content>0.1 mg/L)is mainly distributed in Yungui,Luxi,Shanxi,Inner Mongolia and other re

关 键 词：闭坑矿井 水质演化 分层现象 水污染 多相多场耦合 

分 类 号：TD74[矿业工程—矿井通风与安全] TD82