富油煤原位热解技术研究现状及进展  

Research progress of in-situ pyrolysis technology for tar-rich coal

作　　者：王苗 王长安[1] 宁星 陈美静 黄笑乐 薛香玉 毛崎森 邓磊[1] 车得福[1] WANG Miao;WANG Chang’an;NING Xing;CHEN Meijing;HUANG Xiaole;XUE Xiangyu;MAO Qisen;DENG Lei;CHE Defu(School of Energy and Power Engineering,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院,陕西西安710049

出　　处：《煤炭学报》2024年第9期3969-3984,共16页Journal of China Coal Society

基　　金：华能集团总部科技课题能源安全技术专题资助项目(HNKJ20-H87)。

摘　　要：我国富油煤资源量丰富,原位热解提取油气不仅可以实现富油煤的高效清洁低碳利用,还可以缓解油气对外依存度,是未来富油煤开采利用的重要发展方向之一。简述了富油煤的热物理性质及分布特性,地面热解和原位热解的工艺特点,重点阐述了富油煤原位热解(布井方式、加热方式、原位气化热解一体化、余热利用、储层压裂、地下封闭技术)的研究现状及进展,最后对富油煤原位热解技术的发展方向进行了展望。①梯级利用是富油煤地面热解的重要途径,井工式原位热解可实现井下收油,但需解决长距离输运管道保温问题,钻孔式原位热解是通过高温介质或电加热进行热解,可采用矿区的分布式能源加热载热流体。②推荐采用对流加热为主,其他加热方式为辅的复合加热技术,可利用原位热解后的余热预热载热流体,也可将煤层局部氧化反应的热量用于富油煤原位热解过程,降低载热流体的注热能耗。③原位气化热解一体化技术可有效提高热能利用率,但气化空腔需进行填充。④综合考虑储层压裂和富油煤原位热解孔隙变化规律,控制煤层裂缝生成路径,形成裂缝网络,以增强煤层热传导效率,降低油气产物在煤层中的运移难度。⑤根据富油煤热解工艺特点,选择适宜的地下体系封闭技术,可促进富油煤原位热解过程中能量的高效利用及生态环境保护,其中CO_(2)气驱止水技术在实现地下体系封闭的同时,还可以进行油气驱替并实现CO_(2)的地质封存。China has abundant resources of tar-rich coal,and the in-situ pyrolysis extraction of oil and gas can not only achieve efficient,clean,and low-carbon utilization of tar-rich coal,but also alleviate the external dependence of oil and gas,which is one of the important development directions of tar-rich coal exploitation and utilization in the future.In this paper,the thermal and physical properties and distribution characteristics of tar-rich coal,the technological characteristics of surface pyrolysis and in-situ pyrolysis are described briefly.It focuses on the research status and progress of in-situ pyrolysis of tar-rich coal(including well layout,heating method,integration of in-situ gasification and pyrolysis,waste heat utilization,reservoir fracturing,and underground sealing technology).Also,the future development direction of tarrich coal in-situ pyrolysis technology is prospected.The findings are summarized as follows:①the cascade utilization is an important way for the surface pyrolysis of tar-rich coal.Well drilling in-situ pyrolysis can achieve underground oil recovery,but it is necessary to solve the insulation problem of long-distance transportation pipelines.Drilling in-situ pyrolysis is carried out through high-temperature medium or electric heating,and can use distributed energy from the mining area to heat the heat carrier fluid.②It is recommended to use a composite heating technology with convection heating as the main method and others as auxiliary heating methods,which can use the residual heat from in-situ pyrolysis to preheat the heat carrier fluid,and the heat from the local oxidation reaction of coal seam can also be used in the in-situ pyrolysis process of oil-rich coal to reduce the heat injection energy consumption of heat carrier fluid.③The integrated technology of in-situ gasification and pyrolysis can effectively improve the utilization rate of thermal energy,but the gasification cavity needs to be filled.④In order to enhance the heat conduction efficiency of coal seam and reduc

关 键 词：富油煤 原位热解 加热技术 储层压裂 体系封闭 

分 类 号：TQ536[化学工程—煤化学工程]