黄河三角洲盐碱地稻蟹共作系统水质和底栖生物群落  

Study on the dynamic changes of water quality and benthic community of rice-crab co-cropping model in saline-alkali land of Yellow River Delta

作　　者：徐婵 刘峰 李娴 董俊 苗静 高云芳 董文 闫法军 XU Chan;LIU Feng;LI Xian;DONG Jun;MIAO Jing;DONG Wen;YAN Fajun(College of Fisheries and Life Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 200120,China;Shandong freshwater Fisheries Research Institute,Jinan 250000,Shandong,China;Bayannaoer Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau,Bayan nur 014400,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海200120 [2]山东省淡水渔业研究院,山东济南250000 [3]巴彦淖尔市农牧局,内蒙古巴彦淖尔014400

出　　处：《渔业现代化》2024年第5期56-62,共7页Fishery Modernization

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划(重大科技创新工程)“重要经济鱼类品种创制与绿色养殖关键技术研究与示范(2021CXGC010806)”。

摘　　要：2020年6—10月,在山东东营垦利区设置4个不同河蟹养殖密度(0、0.45、0.68、0.90ind/m^(2))的稻蟹共作试验,测定其系统水质和底栖生物群落结构变化,旨在为盐碱地稻蟹共作生态模式构建与优化提供理论依据。结果显示:试验期间水体温度(T)、溶氧(DO)、总氮(TN)与总磷(TP)等指标先高后低,受季节变化影响明显;不同河蟹养殖密度间水体指标均无明显差异(P>0.05),可能与河蟹养殖密度相对养殖稻田面积明显较小有关;稻蟹共作系统水质氮磷年平均值含量显著低于水稻单作,高于河蟹池塘单养,但共作系统氮磷吸收能力相对最高;底栖生物检测仅发现水丝蚓、摇蚊幼虫、圆田螺3种,这与黄河三角洲的砂石底质有关,其生物量与水体盐度呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与水体PO_(4)^(3-)-P呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。研究表明黄河三角洲改良盐碱地稻蟹共作系统具有明显的生态优势。Setting 4 different culture densities of Eriocheir sinensis(0,0.45,0.68,0.90 ind/m^(2))in Dongying,and the changes of water and benthic community were studied.It provides theoretical basis for the construction and optimization of rice-crab co-cropping model in saline-alkali land.The results showed as follows:During the experiment,water temperature(T),dissolved oxygen(DO),total nitrogen(TN)and total phosphorus(TP)were firstly high and then low,which were obviously affected by seasonal changes.There was no significant difference in water indexes among different densities of Eriocheir sinensis(P>0.05),which may be related to the obvious small culture density compared with the cultivated paddy area.The average annual water nitrogen and phosphorus content of rice and crab co-cropping system was significantly lower than that of rice single cropping system.And it is significantly higher than the single culture of aquaculture pond.The nitrogen and phosphorus absorption capacity of the co-cropping system was the highest in these three aquaculture models.Three species of benthic were detected during the experiment,which were Limnodrilus,Chironomid and Cipangopaludina.The main reason is that the sandy sediment of the Yellow River Delta is not suitable for their survival.The biomass was positively correlated with water salinity(P<0.05)and negatively correlated with water PO_(4)^(3-)-P(P<0.01).In conclusion,rice-crab co-cropping in the improved saline-alkali land has obvious ecological effects.

关 键 词：稻蟹共作 水质 底栖生物 盐碱地 黄河三角洲 

分 类 号：S966.16[农业科学—水产养殖]