燃准东煤电站锅炉沾污结渣特性及防治措施研究进展  

Research Progress on the Characteristics and Countermeasures of Ash Slagging and Fouling in Boilers Burning Zhundong Coal

作　　者：卢啸风[1] 李建波[1] 刘卓[2] 黄中 辛胜伟 龙潇飞 王虎 苗闪闪 王泉海[1] LU Xiaofeng;LI Jianbo;LIU Zhuo;HUANG Zhong;XIN Shengwei;LONG Xiaofei;WANG Hu;MIAO Shanshan;WANG Quanhai(Key Laboratory of Low Grade Energy Utilization Technology and System,Ministry of Education(Chongqing University),Shapingba District,Chongqing 400044,China;Key Laboratory of Low-carbon and High-efficiency Power Generation Technology of Hebei Province(North China Electric Power University),Baoding 071003,Hebei Province,China;Key Laboratory of Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education(Tsinghua University),Haidian District,Beijing 100084,China;Huayuan Power plant,State Grid Energy Hami Coal and Power Co.,Ltd.,Hami 839000,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China;Technical supports center of Guoshen company,CHN ENERGY Investment Group Co.Ltd.,Xi’an 710000,Shaaxi Province,China;Harbin Boiler Company Limited,Harbin 150036,Heilongjiang Province,China)

机构地区：[1]低品位能源利用技术及系统教育部重点实验室(重庆大学),重庆市沙坪坝区400044 [2]河北省低碳高效发电技术重点实验室(华北电力大学),河北省保定市071003 [3]热科学与动力工程教育部重点实验室(清华大学),北京市海淀区100084 [4]国网能源哈密煤电有限公司花园电厂,新疆维吾尔自治区哈密市839000 [5]国家能源集团国神公司技术支持中心,陕西省西安市710000 [6]哈尔滨锅炉厂有限责任公司,黑龙江省哈尔滨市150036

出　　处：《中国电机工程学报》2024年第18期7247-7263,I0013,共18页PROCEEDINGS OF THE CHINESE SOCIETY FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(面上基金项目)(52176101)。

摘　　要：新疆地区的准东煤预测储量高达3900亿t,然而煤灰的高沾污结渣倾向严重制约着准东煤在电站锅炉的安全经济利用。为了明晰沾污结渣机理,推动准东煤在电站锅炉的高比例掺烧甚至纯烧,该文从准东煤的无机组分组成、煤的成灰特性、灰的沉积特性、电站锅炉受热面沾污结渣特性和防治措施5个方面对相关基础研究和工业应用情况进行总结。碱金属钠的释放、冷凝和低熔点组分的形成是沾污结渣主要原因,混煤和添加剂的使用以及燃烧调整是最常用的应对措施,降低炉膛出口烟气温度、优化受热面布置和吹灰方式是目前主流的炉型设计思路。开发完善新的炉型和技术手段有望为纯烧准东煤提供解决思路,但还需要应对燃准东煤电站锅炉灵活低碳发展过程的新挑战。The predicted reserves of Zhundong coal in the Xinjiang region of China are estimated to be as high as 390 billion tons.However,the high ash slagging and fouling propensities have hindered its safe and economic utilization.To reveal the mechanisms of slagging and fouling and promote high proportion or pure combustion of Zhundong coal,the inorganic constituents in Zhundong coal,the ash formation and deposition characteristics,behavior of ash fouling and slagging in coal-fired boilers as well as the relevant prevention and countermeasures are reviewed.The release and condensation of alkali metal as well as the formation of low-melting-point components are the main culprits for deposit formation.Decreasing the flue gas temperature at furnace outlet,optimizing the arrangement of heat exchange surfaces,and improving soot-blowing methods are the current mainstream furnace design approaches.Strategies at present for managing these problems include coal blending,additive utilization and combustion adjustments.Developing and improving new furnace designs and technological methods hold promise for pure combustion of Zhundong.However,it is also essential to address the new challenges that may arise during flexible and low-carbon development of power plant boilers.

关 键 词：准东煤 积灰 结渣 沾污 防治措施 

分 类 号：TK16[动力工程及工程热物理—热能工程]