红壤区植草坡面产流产沙与降雨特征的响应研究  

Study on Response of Runoff and Sediment with Rainfall Characteristics on Grass-growing Slope in the Red Soil Region

作　　者：杨晔 YANG Ye(Flood Warning&Reporting Center of Fuzhou Municipality,Fuzhou Municipality of Fujian Province 350000)

机构地区：[1]福州市洪水预警报中心,福建福州350000

出　　处：《亚热带水土保持》2024年第3期1-7,共7页Subtropical Soil and Water Conservation

摘　　要：降雨是影响坡面水土流失的关键因素,植草覆盖是治理坡地水土流失常见的措施类型。为探究红壤区植草坡面在不同降雨类型下的产流产沙特征,研究基于福州市金山水土保持科教园2016年1月至2021年12月共计136场有效降雨资料,结合径流-土壤侵蚀数据,分析对坡面产流产沙与降雨特征的响应关系。结果表明:降雨类型可以划分为3大类,即A类(长历时、大雨量、大雨强)、B类(短历时、小雨量、大雨量)和C类(中等历时、小雨量、小雨强)降雨,其中,C类降雨为坡面产流产沙的主要来源。不同降雨类型和年际降雨总水平下,植草坡面均有效减少水土流失,与净耕坡面相比,植草坡面在3类降雨下的平均径流量分别减小了59.03%、64.98%和67.05%,平均侵蚀量分别减少了96.91%、73.95%和88.14%。影响红壤区植草坡面产流产沙的最主要降雨特征因子是降雨量、30min最大雨强和降雨侵蚀力。研究可为红壤区坡面水土流失治理和水保措施选择提供参考依据。Rainfall is an important factor that affecting soil and water loss on slopes,and grass growing is a common measure to control soil and water loss on slopes.In order to explore the characteristics of runoff and sediment on grass-growing slopes in red soil region under different rainfall types,based on 136 effective rainfall data from January 2016 to December 2021 in Jinshan Soil and Water Conservation Research Center in Fuzhou Municipality,combining with runoff-soil erosion datum,it was analyzed the response relationship between runoff and sediment on slope with the different rainfall characteristics.The results showed that the types of rainfall could be divided into three types:type A(long duration,large rainfall and heavy rainfall intensity),type B(short duration,small rainfall and heavy rainfall)and type C(medium duration,small rainfall and small rainfall intensity).Among them,type C rainfall was the main source of runoff and sediment on the slope.Under different rainfall types and the total level of inter-annual rainfall,grass-growing slopes effectively reduced soil erosion.Compared with pure-ploughing slopes,the average runoff of grass-growing slopes under three types of rainfall were decreased by 59.03%,64.98%and 67.05%,respectively,and the average erosion were decreased by 96.91%,73.95%and 88.14%,respectively.The main rainfall characteristics factors affecting runoff and sediment of grass-growing slope in red soil area were rainfall,maximum rainfall intensity of 30 min and rainfall erosivity.The study can provide a reference basis for the control of slope soil and water loss and the selection of soil and water conservation measures in red soil area.

关 键 词：径流小区 有效降雨 径流量 土壤侵蚀量 聚类分析 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]