氮肥深施对旱作覆膜农田玉米养分利用及产量的影响  

Effects of Deep Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Maize Nutrient Utilization and Yield under Mulching Farmland in Semiarid Region

作　　者：郭世乾 崔增团 高飞 田仲红 任亮奇 郑杰 张鹏[2,3] GUO Shi-qian;CUI Zeng-tuan;GAO Fei;TIAN Zhong-hong;REN Liang-qi;ZHENG Jie;ZHANG Peng(Cultivated Land Quality and Construction Protection Station of Gansu,Lanzhou 730020;College of Agronomy,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100;Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Tillage in Northwest Loess Plateau,Minister of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省耕地质量建设保护总站,兰州730020 [2]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]农业农村部西北黄土高原作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《玉米科学》2024年第7期83-91,共9页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFE0101302);甘肃省2022年化肥减量增效实施方案(甘农财发〔2022〕40号)。

摘　　要：以春玉米为供试作物,在双垄沟覆膜种植基础上设置5(D5)、15(D15)和25 cm(D25)3个氮肥施用深度,以表面撒施为对照(D0),分析不同氮肥施用深度对玉米植株生长、养分利用及产量的影响,阐明不同氮肥施用深度对旱作覆膜农田玉米肥料利用的影响。结果表明,随着施肥深度的增加,玉米株高和植株干物质积累量逐渐增大,其中子粒、茎秆、叶干物质积累量均以D25处理最高;各处理玉米植株各器官养分含量均表现为D25>D15>D5>D0;各施肥深度处理间D25较D5处理可显著提高肥料利用效率和农学利用效率,进而促进玉米增产。因此,在西北旱作区,氮肥深施至25 cm能够更好地促进玉米养分吸收和利用,可作为改善覆膜旱作农田肥料利用效率有效措施之一。In this study,a field experiment was established with spring maize based on full plastic-film mulch⁃ing on double furrow planting.Three fertilizer placement depths(5 cm:D5,15 cm:D15,and 25 cm:D25)were set up,and surface fertilization was used as control(D0),formed four treatments.The effects of different nitrogen appli⁃cation depth on maize plant growth,nutrient utilization and yield were analyzed,and the effects of different nitrogen application depth on maize fertilizer utilization in dry mulched farmland were clarified.The results showed that the plant height and dry matter accumulation increased gradually with the increase of fertilization depth,and D25 treat⁃ment had the highest dry matter accumulation of grain,leaves,and stem among fertilization depth treatments.The nutrient content of all organs showed the order of D25>D15>D5>D0.Fertilizer use efficiency and agronomic effi⁃ciency were significantly improved under different nitrogen application depth treatments.The grain yield under D25 treatment was significantly increased.Therefore,the nitrogen fertilizer applied to 25 cm depth can better promote the nutrients utilization and absorption of spring maize,which can be used as one of the effective measures to im⁃prove the utilization efficiency of fertilizer in dry farmland of film mulching farmland in semiarid regions.

关 键 词：玉米 氮肥深施 覆膜农田 干物质分配 肥料利用率 

分 类 号：S513.062[农业科学—作物学]