氮肥减施配合丛枝菌根真菌对夏玉米产量性状及氮素代谢的影响  

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Yield Traits and Nitrogen Metabolism of Summer Maize

作　　者：程世红 刘宇平 彭杰 CHENG Shi-hong;LIU Yu-ping;PENG Jie(Lijin County Agriculture Bureau,Dongying 257400;Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an 271018;Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]利津县农业农村局,山东东营257400 [2]山东农业大学,山东泰安271018 [3]山东省农业科学院,济南250100

出　　处：《玉米科学》2024年第7期101-110,共10页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：山东省农业科技创新基金项目(2019LY003);国家自然科学基金项目(32071959)。

摘　　要：以不施氮肥(N0)为对照,设置常规施氮肥(N100)、2个减氮处理(减氮20%、减氮40%)、减氮+2个丛枝菌根(AM)真菌处理的田间试验,探究减氮对AM真菌定殖和发育影响以及减氮+AM真菌处理对玉米产量性状、氮代谢相关酶活性及氮肥吸收利用效率的影响。结果表明,减氮20%处理能够促进AM真菌定殖和发育,而减氮40%处理效果次之。与N0处理相比,减氮20%和减氮20%+AM真菌处理下玉米产量、穗行数、行粒数均有所增加,玉米氮肥农学效率(NAE)、氮肥吸收利用率(NRE)在减氮20%+AM真菌处理下表现最高;减氮20%+AM处理的玉米根系硝酸还原酶(NR)、亚硝酸还原酶(NiR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)和谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT)活性比N0处理分别增加140.4%~147.4%、96.1%~117.9%、131.5%~183.1%和122.8%~128.9%。同时,减氮20%处理及减氮20%+AM真菌处理显著增加玉米各生育期氮吸收量,是提升玉米产量、减少氮肥施用的有效举措。Using no nitrogen fertilizer(N0)as the control group,the field experiments with conventional nitrogen fertilizer(N100),two treatments of nitrogen reduction(reducing 20%and 40%),and two treatments of arbuscular mycor⁃rhizal(AM)fungi were conducted to investigate the combined effects of nitrogen reduction and AM fungi treatments on the invasion and development of AM fungi,maize yield traits,nitrogen metabolism-related enzyme activity,and nitrogen fertilizer absorption and utilization efficiency.The results showed that,the 20%nitrogen reduction treat⁃ment can promote the infection and development of AM fungi,while 40%nitrogen reduction treatment was the next.Compared to the N0 treatment,the kernel yield,ear rows and grain number per row increased under both the 20%ni⁃trogen reduction treatment and the 20%nitrogen reduction+AM fungi treatment.The maize nitrogen agronomic effi⁃ciency(NAE)and the nitrogen recovery efficiency(NRE)were the highest under the 20%nitrogen reduction+AM fun⁃gi treatment.The nitrate reductase(NR),nitrite reductase(NiR),glutamine synthetase(GS),and glutamate synthase(GOGAT)in maize roots possessed a higher activity under the 20%nitrogen reduction+AM fungi treatment when comparing to the N0 treatment.The activity of NR,NiR,GS,GOGAT increased by 140.4%-147.4%,96.1%-117.9%,131.5%-183.1%,and 122.8%-128.9%,respectively.Meanwhile,both the 20%nitrogen reduction treat⁃ment and the 20%nitrogen reduction+AM fungi treatment significantly enhanced nitrogen absorption in the aboveground and underground parts of maize plant throughout different growth stages,which is an effective measure to im⁃prove maize yield and reduce nitrogen fertilizer application.

关 键 词：玉米 氮肥减施 丛枝菌根真菌 产量 

分 类 号：S513.062[农业科学—作物学]