商贸驱动下汕头港市聚落的形成与形态研究  

Formation and Morphology of Shantou Port Settlements Driven by Commerce

作　　者：潘莹[1] 陈铄霓 施瑛[1] PAN Ying;CHEN Shuoni;SHI Ying

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学建筑学院、亚热带建筑与城市科学全国重点实验室、广州市景观建筑重点实验室

出　　处：《南方建筑》2024年第9期25-35,共11页South Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(51978275):基于文化地理学的岭南汉民系传统聚落景观的特征、区划与机制研究;亚热带建筑与城市科学全国重点实验室自主研究课题(2023ZB09):三生视角下华南中小型海岛人居景观解析与可持续分类营建策略。

摘　　要：港市聚落是海岸带上因港而兴的典型商贸聚落,自古以来是海内外文化交流与商贸往来的重要桥梁。我国近代通商口岸汕头是粤东韩江流域的重要港市,其对国家贸易网络和潮汕城镇体系都产生了重要影响。以汕头港市聚落形态为研究对象,借助历史地图、经济史和地方志等相关资料,通过历史地图转译和建筑类型学等方法,梳理韩江三角洲港市群的演替规律和汕头的历史空间脉络,并着重探究以商贸为主导机制、通过自下而上的力量形成的民国初期的汕头港市聚落形态,从选址规律、空间结构和街巷体系等方面总结其形态特征,挖掘海港人居环境营建的智慧与多元文化价值,为港市聚落发展规划及遗产保护提供科学依据。A port settlement is a commercial settlement on the coastal belt that develops around a port.Seaborne trade is the economic driver of port settlements.The port is equipped with two spatial elements:"port"and"market".The former refers to a seaport or estuary port,while the latter refers to the commercial market.Port settlements have always been a bridge for cultural communication and trade between China and foreign countries.Shantou,a modern trading port in China,is a settlement in the Han River basin in eastern Guangdong that has significantly influenced the national trade network and the Chaoshan town system.This study uses historical maps,economic history,and local records to examine the evolutionary pattern of the port settlements in the Han River Delta,reviewing the historical spatial development of Shantou through historical map translation and the architectural typology of the settlements,especially early in the Republic of China when the ports were dominated by commerce and formed through bottom-up power.The morphological features of Shantou port settlements are summarized from the perspectives of site selection laws,spatial structure,and the street system.The wisdom and diversified cultural values of human settlement construction in seaports are explored.The results can provide scientific references for developing and planning port settlements and protecting their heritage.The study concludes that there are three patterns in the spatial evolution of the port settlement cluster in the Han River Delta.First,important port settlements are distributed along tributaries of the Han River,with the highest density along the coast.Second,with changes in the navigation of different tributaries,the port settlements originated in the eastern tributaries of the Han River,dispersing into the western and northern tributaries of the river.Third,the locations of port settlements on the same tributary advanced from the hinterland to the coast with the outward relocation of ports.Seaborne trade played a vital role in the Ch

关 键 词：港市聚落 聚落形态 汕头 民国初期 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]