基于环境DNA技术的淀山湖鱼类物种多样性分析  

Analysis of fish species diversity in Dianshan Lake based on environmental DNA technology

作　　者：刘洋[1,2,3,4] 梁绪虹[1] 王丛丛 戴小杰 LIU Yang;LIANG Xuhong;WANG Congcong;DAI Xiaojie(College of Marine Living Resource Sciences and Management,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources,Ministry of Education,Shanghai 201306,China;National Distant-water Fisheries Engineering Research Center,Shanghai 201306,China;Marine Biomedical Science and Technology Innovation Platform of Lin-gang Special Area,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋生物资源与管理学院,上海201306 [2]大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室,上海201306 [3]国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [4]临港新片区海洋生物医药科技创新型平台,上海201306

出　　处：《上海海洋大学学报》2024年第5期1155-1165,共11页Journal of Shanghai Ocean University

基　　金：上海市淀山湖渔业资源调查项目(JC202201)。

摘　　要：为了解淀山湖主要鱼类群落的种类组成和多样性特征,利用环境DNA技术对淀山湖鱼类进行物种多样性分析。结果显示,从淀山湖10个站点的环境DNA样本中共检测出7目、12科、36属、43种鱼类,其中6月(夏季)共检测出24种,11月(秋季)32种,大部分种类在淀山湖传统渔业资源调查中均有出现。其中,刀鲚(Coilia nasus)、鲫(Carassius auratus)、大鳍鱊(Acheilognathus macropterus)、翘嘴红鲌(Culter alburnus)、鲻鱼(Mugil cephalus)为主要优势种。α多样性分析表明,淀山湖秋季的Chao1指数、Observed species指数、Shannon多样性指数、Simpson指数和Pielou均匀度指数平均值都高于夏季的平均值,表明秋季鱼类物种相对丰富,多样性较高。站点间鱼类物种差异分析表明,多样性和丰富度较高的站点为S1、S2、S3、S5,均为初级生产力较高、人为干扰较小的站点。研究表明,环境DNA技术检测灵敏度高,可以作为淀山湖鱼类物种多样性调查的有效补充手段。In order to understand the species composition and diversity characteristics of the main fish communities in Dianshan Lake,environmental DNA technology was used to analyze the species diversity of fish in Dianshan Lake.The results showed that a total of 7 orders,12 families,36 genera and 43 species of fish were detected in the environmental DNA samples from 10 stations in Dianshan Lake,of which 24 species were detected in June(summer)and 32 species were detected in November(autumn).Most of the species were found in the traditional fishery resources investigation of Dianshan Lake.Among them,Coilia nasus,Carassius auratus,Acheilognathus macropterus,Culter alburnus and Mugil cephalus were the main species.The α diversity analysis showed that the average values of Chao 1 index,Observed species index,Shannon diversity index,Simpson index and Pielou evenness index in Dianshan Lake in autumn were higher than those in summer.The analysis of fish species difference among sites showed that the sites with higher diversity and richness were S1,S2,S3 and S5,which were all sites with higher primary productivity and less human disturbance.The results show that the environmental DNA technique is highly sensitive and can be used as an effective supplementary method for the survey of fish species diversity in Dianshan Lake.

关 键 词：环境DNA 淀山湖 生物多样性 鱼类 

分 类 号：S931.1[农业科学—渔业资源]